ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA FOUND IN RINGS WORN BY MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY.

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to isolate and identify the bacterial organisms associated with bacterial contamination of rings. A total of one hundred (100) rings worn by various categories of respondents were swabbed and analysed for bacterial contamination. Samples collected were cultured upon arrival in the microbiology laboratory of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike and incubated at 370C for 24hours. In the course of the study, the following bacteria were isolated E. coli (16.46%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.86%), Proteus species (2.53%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus (6.33%), S. aureus (26.56%), Pseudomonas aeruginasa(10.13%), Streptococcus species (7.59%) and Bacillus species (21.52%). Analysis of the degree of bacterial contamination amongst the different categories of respondents showed that rings obtained from traders were more contaminated and haboured the highest diversity of bacterial isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity was carried out and most of the isolates were seen to possess multi-drug resistant capabilities against some of the antibiotics tested. Thus, indicates that contaminated rings could be a possible reservoir of several pathogens implicated in community and hospital acquired infections. Thorough hand washing with soap and water, periodic cleaning of rings as well as other hygienic practice should be encouraged. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgements ﾿ iv

Table of Contents ﾿ v

List of Tables ﾿ viii

Abstract ﾿ ix

CHAPTER ONE ﾿ 1

2.1.0 Introduction ﾿ 1

I.2 Back Ground Studies ﾿ 2

1.3 Aim ﾿ 2

1.4 Objective ﾿ 2

1.5 Limitations ﾿ 3

CHAPTER TWO

Introduction ﾿ 4

2.1 Bacteria Contaminates Associated with Jewelries (Rings) ﾿ 8

2.1.1 Escherichia coli ﾿ 9

2.1.2 Klebsiella spp ﾿ 10

2.1.3 Staphylococcus  spp ﾿ 11

2.1.4 Other   Staphylococcus spp ﾿ 11

2.1.5 Bacillus spp ﾿ 12

2.1.6 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ﾿ 12

2.1.7  Proteus spp. ﾿ 13

2.2   Hand hygiene as an effective tool in reducing the risk of associated with contaminated

﾿ Rings. ﾿ 13

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 ﾿ Materials and Methods ﾿ 16

3.l       Study Area ﾿ l6 ﾿

3.2      Collection of samples ﾿ 16 ﾿

3.3      preparation of Culture Media ﾿ 17 ﾿

3.4       Bacteria lnoculation and lsolation ﾿ 17 ﾿

3.5       Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ﾿ 17 ﾿

3.6        Characterization and Identification of Organisms ﾿ 18 ﾿

3.7         Gram Stain ﾿ 18 ﾿

3.8        Biochemical Tests ﾿ 18 ﾿

3.8.2      Coagulase Test ﾿ 18 ﾿

3.8.3       Citrate Test ﾿ 18

3.8.4      Motility, lndole, Urease Test (MlU). ﾿ 19

3.8.5     Triple Sugar lron Test. ﾿ 20

3.8.6     Oxidase Test ﾿   20

3.9       Data Analysis ﾿ 20

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      Results ﾿ 21

CHPATER  FIVE

5.0    Discussion ﾿ 29

5.1   Conclusion ﾿   31

5.2   Recommendation ﾿ 31

REFERENCES ﾿  

LIST OF TABLES

 1 ﾿ Marital status of the respondents ﾿ 22

 2          Incidence of bacterial carriage in rings. ﾿ 23

 3           Morphological Identification of Isolates ﾿ 24

 4           Biochemical Characterization of the Isolates ﾿ 25

 5           Frequency of Occurrence of Bacteria Isolates ﾿ 26

 6        ﾿ Degree of Bacterial Contamination of Rings Worn by Different Respondent Categories ﾿ 27

 7 ﾿ Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacterial Isolates ﾿