Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Activities Of Crude Broths Of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Fermented Foods

Authors: IMO, AMARACHI MOUAU/12/24389 | Microbiology Projects 56 pages 11,209 words

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ABSTRACT

Five samples each of Ogi, Ogiri, Ugba and Fermented Yoghurt were collected from different sites at Ahiaeke in Abia State, from which forty-eight organisms were isolated using spread plate method and belong to four genera and six species: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesentroides, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus sakei. Agar well diffusion method was used to test the isolated lactic acid bacteria on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. The lactic acid bacterial were found to exhibit antibacterial activity against the pathogenic food organisms. The inhibition diameter obtained ranged between 6mm to 28mm. the highest inhibition was obtained from Lactobacillus sakei against Escherichia coli (28mm) and the smallest inhibition was obtained with Streptococcus thermophilus against Salmonella typhi (6mm), and no inhibition obtained with Streptococcus thermophilus against Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial activity is attributed to bacteriocin, hydrogen peroxide, hypothiocyanate, lactic acid and fatty acid. Lactic acid bacterial have potential application for assuring and improving food quality and safety.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgement ﾿ iv

Table of contents ﾿ v

Lists of table’s ﾿ viii

Abstract ﾿ ix

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 ﾿ Introduction                              ﾿ 1

1.2 Aim and Objectives                                                                                  ﾿ 2                                          

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 ﾿ Literature review  ﾿ 3

2.2 Classification of lactic acid bacterial                  ﾿ 4

2.3 Sources of lactic acid bacterial                                                              ﾿ 5

2.3.1 Conditions for the growth of lactic acid bacterial                                                          ﾿ 6  

2.4 Mode of action of lactic acid bacterial                                                  ﾿ 8

2.5 Uses of lactic acid bacterial                                                                    ﾿ 9

2.6 Lactic acid bacterial and food fermentation      ﾿ 10

2.6.1 Dairy products                                                                                      ﾿ 11

2.6.2 Vegetables                                                                                              ﾿ 12

2.7 Lactic acid bacterial as spoilage organisms                                        ﾿ 13

2.7.1 Wine spoilage                                                                                        ﾿ 14                                               

2.7.2 Beer spoilage                                                                                          ﾿ 14

2.7.3 Milk spoilage                                                                                          ﾿ 15

2.8 lactic acid bacterial as probiotic                                                            ﾿ 15

2.8.1 Anticancer effects                                                                                  ﾿ 16

2.8.2 Principal factors contributing to antimicrobial effect of lactic acid bacterial              ﾿ 17

2.9 Bacteriocins    ﾿ 17

2.9.1 Classification of bacteriocins                                                                                      ﾿ 17

2.9.2 Synthesis of bacteriocins                                                      ﾿ 20

2.10 Test Organisms                                                                                ﾿ 21

2.10.1 Escherichia coli                                                                                        ﾿ 21

2.10.2 Staphylococcus aureus                                                                  ﾿ 22

2.10.3 Salmonella typhi                                                                          ﾿ 22

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 ﾿ Materials and methods                                                              ﾿ 24

3.1 Sample collection                                                              ﾿ 24

3.2Pathogenic organisms and Re-idetification ﾿ 24

3.2.1 Methyl Red Test ﾿ 24

3.2.2 Indoles Test ﾿ 24

3.3 Media preparation                                                        ﾿ 25

3.3.1 De Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) Broth ﾿ 25

3.3.2 Mueller- Hinton Agar                                                        ﾿ 25

3.3.3 Nutrient Agar                                                        ﾿ 25

3.3.4 Salmonella shigella Agar (SSA) ﾿ 25

3.4 Sample analysis ﾿ 26

3.5 Isolated of lactic acid bacterial                  ﾿ 26

3.6 Identification and characterization of isolates                      ﾿ 26

3.6.1 Macroscopy                                      ﾿ 26

3.6.2 Microscopy                                                                            ﾿ 27

3.6.2.1 Gram stain  ﾿ 27

3.6.2.2 Motility Test    ﾿ 27

3.6.3 Biochemical Test  ﾿ 27

3.6.3.1 Catalase    ﾿ 27

3.6.3.2 Oxidase                                          ﾿ 28

3.6.3.3 Coagulase                                          ﾿ 28

3.6.3.4 Carbohydrate fermentation                          ﾿ 28

3.7 Preparation of MRS Lactic acid Bacteria ﾿ Broth ﾿ 28

3.7.1 Preparation of Antimicrobial sensitivity disc with lactic acid bacteria Isolate        ﾿ 29

3.7.2 Preparation of control disc using Amoxylcillin ﾿ 29

3.8 Selection of bacteriocin producing lactic acid bacterial    ﾿ 29

3.9 Screening for Antimicrobial Activity ﾿ 30

CHAPTER FOUR

1.0 ﾿ Results        ﾿                                                                                           ﾿ 31

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Discussion                          ﾿                                                               ﾿ 36

5.2 Conclusion                                                ﾿                                 ﾿ 38

5.3 Recommendation                                                  ﾿ 38

Reference

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