ABSTRACT
The project studied the antifungal effects of bacteria species isolated from the Rhizosphere of ginger plant. Seven species of bacteria were isolated from five rhizospheric soils of ginger plants with varying levels of occurrence including a species of Bacillus (100%), Pseudomonas sp (100%), Staphylococcus sp (100%), Proteus (60%), Actinomyces (100%), Escherichia coli (20%) and lactobacillus (40%). Antifungal activity was tested on five chosen fungal species which included Aspergillus sp, Penicilliltm sp, Fusarium sp, Rhizopus sp and Yeast sp. The results obtained revealed that three microbial isolates, Bacillus sp, Actinomyces and Pseudomonas were active against the fungi but to varying extents. Bacillus showed the highest antifungal potency with inhibition zones diameters that ranged from 13.67mm to 22.67mm while Pseudomonas had the least (1.67mm to 17.67mm). The inhibition of Actinomyces was in the range of 14.33mm to 17.33mm. However, the activities of the bacteria isolates against the fungi were lower than that of commercial antifungal agent, mancozade. Notwithstanding, the bacteria isolates showed high relative potencies when compared with the standard antifungal drug. The relative potency of Bacillus isolate was between 64.09% to 88.31% that of Pseudomonas was in the range of 54.71% to 61.04% while that of the Actinomyces was in the range of 55.82 to 73.47%. There were significant variation in the antifungal effect of the ginger rhizospheric bacterial isolates on the test fungi. Therefore some bacteria species were isolated from the rhizosphere of ginger that have antifungal tendencies.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Titles Page
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vii
Abstract viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTON 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aims 3
1.3 Objectives 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Rhizosphere Plant 4
2.2 Beneficial Micro Organism in Plant Rhizosphere 5
2.3 Bacteria Association with Rhizosphere 6
2.4 Microbial Ecology of Rhizosphere 7
2.5 Control of Fungi Pathogen 8
2.6 Microorganism Found in the Rhizosphere of Ginger 8
2.7 Ginger As An Antioxidant 9
2.7.1 Antioxidant Studies of Ginger Extracts 9
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 10
3.1 Materials 10
3.1.1 Sources of Materials 10
3.2 Methods 10
3.2.1 Sample and Media Preparation 10
3.2.2 Media Preparation 10
3.2.3 Preparation of Soil Sample 11
3-3 Isolation of Rliizospheric Bacteria 12
3-3.1 , Characterization of bacteria isolates 12
3.3.2 Colony features (morphology) 12
3.3.3 Microscopic characteristics 12
3.3.4 Biochemical characteristics 13
3.3.5 Carbohydrate (sugar) utility tests 13
3.4 Identification of bacteria isolates 13
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS 14
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION 21
5.1 Discussion 21
5.2 Conclusion 23
5.3 Recommendation 23
REFERENCES
NKIRUKA, M (2020). ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM THE RHIZOPHERE OF GINGER (Zingiber officinale). Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 24, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antifungal-effects-of-bacteria-species-isolated-from-the-rhizophere-of-ginger-zingiber-officinale
MOUAU/MCB/14/18789, NKIRUKA. "ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM THE RHIZOPHERE OF GINGER (Zingiber officinale)" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 29 Apr. 2020, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antifungal-effects-of-bacteria-species-isolated-from-the-rhizophere-of-ginger-zingiber-officinale. Accessed 24 Nov. 2024.
MOUAU/MCB/14/18789, NKIRUKA. "ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM THE RHIZOPHERE OF GINGER (Zingiber officinale)". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 29 Apr. 2020. Web. 24 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antifungal-effects-of-bacteria-species-isolated-from-the-rhizophere-of-ginger-zingiber-officinale >.
MOUAU/MCB/14/18789, NKIRUKA. "ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM THE RHIZOPHERE OF GINGER (Zingiber officinale)" Mouau.afribary.org (2020). Accessed 24 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antifungal-effects-of-bacteria-species-isolated-from-the-rhizophere-of-ginger-zingiber-officinale