ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF PATHOGENS FROM WOUND INFECTIONS

ABSTRACT

The Isolation, Identification and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of pathogens from wound infections were carried out. A total of 50 wounds swabs were analyzed for isolation of pathogens. Patients with wounds included accidents, burns ad other skin wounds were investigated in this study. The most common pathogen isolated was Staphylococcus aureus representing 51.2% of the total isolates followed by Escherichia coli with 29.2% occurrence. Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 5 (12.1%) of the overall isolates while Klebsiella species accounts for 7.31%. A greater percentage of the isolates were recorded in the skin infection patients with 23(56.0%) occurrences followed by the accidents and bums wound each accounting for 21.9%. Majority of the isolates were sensitive to Ofloxacin, gentamicin and Nitrofurantion while showing high level of resistance to other commonly used antibiotics like amoxicillin and Cloxacilin. It is imperative therefore to determine the clinically significant isolates, perform antimicrobial sensitivity testing and subsequently provide guidance on the most appropriate treatment. This assistance will not only facilitate successful wound management but also assist in the control of antibiotic usage and hence reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria. 

Table of Contents

Title Page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgements ﾿ iv

Table of Contents ﾿ v

List of Tables ﾿ vii

List of Plates ﾿ viii 

Abstract    

                                ﾿ ix

CHAPTER ONE: ﾿ INTRODUCTION

1.0 ﾿ Introduction ﾿ 1

1.1 ﾿ Aims and Objectives ﾿ 3

CHAPTER TWO: ﾿ LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 ﾿ Literature Review ﾿ 5

2.1 ﾿ Categories of Wound ﾿ 8

2.1.1 ﾿ Abrasion ﾿ 8

2.1.2 ﾿ Incision ﾿ 8 

2.1.3 ﾿ Laceration ﾿ 8

2.1.4 ﾿ Puncture ﾿ 9

2.2 ﾿ Wound Infection ﾿ 9

2.3 ﾿ Recognition of Wound Infection ﾿ 11

2.4 ﾿ Wound Healing ﾿ 13

2.4.1 ﾿ Addressing Bacterial Burden as an Obstacle to Wound Healing ﾿ 15

2.5 ﾿ Management and Treatment of Wound Infections ﾿ 16

2.5.1 ﾿ Antibiotic Therapy ﾿ 16

2.5.2 ﾿ Disinfectants ﾿ 17

CHAPTER THREE: ﾿ MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.0   Sample Collection ﾿ 19

3.1   Media Preparation ﾿ 19

3.2   Inoculation of Samples ﾿ 20

3.3   Sub-Culture and Purification ﾿ 20

3.4   Characterization and Identification of Isolates ﾿ 20

3.5   Biochemical Characterization ﾿ 21

3.5.1 Gram Staining Method ﾿ 21

3.5.2 Catalase Test ﾿ 21

3.5.3 Indole Production Test ﾿ 22

3.5.4 Coagulase Test ﾿ 22

3.5.5 Citrate Utilization Test ﾿ 22

3.5.6 Carbohydrate Fermentation Test ﾿ 23

3.5.7 Methyl Red Test ﾿ 23

3.5.8 Voges-Proskauer Test ﾿ 24

3.5.9 Oxidase Test ﾿ 24

3.6   Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test ﾿ 24

CHAPTER FOUR: ﾿ RESULTS

4.0 ﾿ Results ﾿ 26

CHAPTER FIVE: ﾿ DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 33

5.2 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 35

References ﾿ 3

LIST OF TABLES

Table ﾿ Title ﾿ Page

1 ﾿ Occurrence of Wound Pathogens among Children and Adults ﾿ 27

2 ﾿ Prevalence of Bacterial Isolates in Wound Infection ﾿ 28

3 ﾿ Frequency of Isolation of Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria ﾿ 29

4 ﾿ Isolation of Bacteria from Different Wound Types ﾿ 30

5 ﾿ Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of the Isolates ﾿ 31