ABSTRACT
Powdered tobacco (snuff) is a finely ground product of Nicotina tabacum leaves that is taken by inhalation through the nose or by tucking it between the lower lips and the gum. The principal alkaloid found in powdered tobacco is nicotine and the determination of the nicotine content was done using the alkaline precipitation gravimetric method and the result obtained from the snuff samples ranged from 0.3mg- 0.8mg. Identification of microorganisms present in the snuff sample sold in various markets in Umuahia. Abia state was carried outusing standard microbiological techniques. The organisms identified were Staphylococcus, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Rhizopus and Penicillium. The mean total bacterial counts obtained from various market in Umuahia are as follows, Ndoru ranged from 3.67x104± 0.58 – 5.33x104± 0.58cfu¬/g,while Ubani ranged from 2.67x104± 0.58 – 4.33x104± 0.58 cfu¬/g. Orie-ugba ranged from 4.00x104± 1.00 – 5.33x104± 1.53 cfu¬/g and Ahiaeke ranged from 2.67x104 ± 0.58 – 5.00x104 ± 1.00. The fungal counts for Ndoru ranged from 0.67x102± 0.58 – 2.00x102± 1.00 cfu¬/g while Ubani ranged from 1.00x102± 0.00 – 2.67x102± 1.15 cfu¬/g and Orie-ugba ranged from 1.67x102 ± 0.58 - 2.67x102 ± 0.58 cfu¬/g and Ahiaeke ranged from 1.67x102 ± 0.58 - 2.33x102 ± 0.58 cfu¬/g. Staphylococcus had the highest occurrence among the bacterial isolates (33.3%), while Streptococcus had the least (16.7%). Aspergillus had the highest occurrence among the fungi (40%), whileRhizopus had the least (25%).Most snuff samples sold in markets in Umuahia were contaminated by potentiallypathogenic microbes. Good manufacturing practices and improvements in the sanitary condition
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables viii
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim 2
1.3 Objectives 2
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Tobacco 3
2.2 Classification of Tobacco Plant 12
2.2.1 Family Salanaceae 12
2.2.2 Nicatiana Rustica 12
23 Chemical Composition of Tobacco 13
2.4 Short Term Effects of Use of Powdered Tobacco (Snuff) 14
2.5 Long-term effects of smoking or chewing tobacco 14
2.5.1 Heart problems 14
2.5.2 Cancers 14
2.5.3 Lung disease 15
2.5.4 Other health problems 15
2.6 Effects of tobacco on the brain 15
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Source of materials 17
3.2 Determination of alkaloid content (nicotine) 17
3.3 Sample preparation 18
3.4 Media preparation 18
3.5 Determination of microbial load 19
3.6 Isolation and identification of microbes 19 3.7 Characteristics of isolates 20
3.7.1 Characterization of fungi isolates 20
3.7.1.1 Colony features 20
3.7.1. 2 Structural features 20
3.7.2 Characterization of bacteria isolates 21
3.7.2.1 Colony features 21
3.7.3 Biochemical tests 21
3.8 Identification of isolate 24
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Results 25
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion 31
5.2 Conclusion 32
5.3 Recommendation 32
REFERENCES
AGOBI, A (2020). Determination Of Nicotine Content And Microbiological Examination Of Powdered Tobacco Sold In Umuahia, Abia State. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 30, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/determination-of-nicotine-content-and-microbiological-examination-of-powdered-tobacco-sold-in-umuahia-abia-state
AGOBI, AGOBI. "Determination Of Nicotine Content And Microbiological Examination Of Powdered Tobacco Sold In Umuahia, Abia State" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 09 Jun. 2020, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/determination-of-nicotine-content-and-microbiological-examination-of-powdered-tobacco-sold-in-umuahia-abia-state. Accessed 30 Nov. 2024.
AGOBI, AGOBI. "Determination Of Nicotine Content And Microbiological Examination Of Powdered Tobacco Sold In Umuahia, Abia State". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 09 Jun. 2020. Web. 30 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/determination-of-nicotine-content-and-microbiological-examination-of-powdered-tobacco-sold-in-umuahia-abia-state >.
AGOBI, AGOBI. "Determination Of Nicotine Content And Microbiological Examination Of Powdered Tobacco Sold In Umuahia, Abia State" Mouau.afribary.org (2020). Accessed 30 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/determination-of-nicotine-content-and-microbiological-examination-of-powdered-tobacco-sold-in-umuahia-abia-state