ABSTRACT
The antibacterial effectiveness of three selected disinfectants (household bleach, phenol and ethanol) was determined using agar well diffusion method. Phenol coefficient was used to compare the effectiveness of the disinfectants against phenol under experimental conditions. The test organisms include Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from both clinical and environmental samples. The undiluted concentrations of the disisnfectants showed varying zones of inhibition against the test organisms, on Staphylococcus aureus it ranged from 41.00±2.83mm (bleach) to 46.50±4.95mm (phenol), and on Pseudomonas aeruginosa it ranged from 40.00±0.00mm (bleach) to 43.50±2.12mm (phenol). No activity was observed with the absolute ethanol. The diluted concentrations of the other disinfectants also showed varying zones of inhibition, On Staphylococcus aureus the mean zone diameter range from 10.00±0.00mm with 38%v/v bleach to 43.50±2.12mm with 75%v/v phenol. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited inhibitions with zone diameter as low as 15.00±0.00mm with 28.5%v/v bleach to as high as 41.00±1.41mm with 75%v/v of phenol. The phenol coefficient test also showed varying results with bleach being the most efficient on the test organisms. The result qualifies these chemical solutions a good disinfectant hence their use externally as a sterilizing agent should be encouraged to avoid contraction of related infections caused by these test organisms.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of contents v
List of tables viii
List of figures ix
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Aim of study 3
1.2 Objectives of the study 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review 4
2.1 Brief history of disinfectants 7
2.2 Disinfecting agents 8
2.2.1 Alcohols 8
2.2.2 Halogens 9
2.2.3 Phenols and Phenolics 10
2.3 Factors affecting the efficacy of disinfection and sterilization 11
2.3.1 Number and location of Microorganisms 11
2.3.2 Innate Resistance of Microorganisms 11
2.3.3 Concentration and potency of disinfectants 12
2.3.4 Physical and chemical factors 13
2.3.5 Organic and inorganic matter 14
2.3.6 Duration of exposure 14
2.3.7 Biofilms 15
2.4 Test organisms 16
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and methods 18
3.1 Source of microorganisms 18
3.3.0 Confirmatory test for isolates 18
3.3.1 Gram staining 18
3.3.2 Catalase test 18
3.3.3 Coagulase test 19
3.3.4 Oxidase test 19
3.4 Test organism suspension 20
3.5 Inoculation of the test organisms 20
3.6 Preparation of the disinfectants 20
3.7 Efficacy testing 20
3.7.1 Pouring of the disinfectant and incubation 21
3.8 Determination of the phenol coefficient of the disinfectants 21
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results 22
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion and conclusion 29
5.1 Discussion 29
5.2 Conclusion 31
References 32
Appendix
EMMANUEL, M (2020). Comparative Study Of Disinfectant Efficacy Of Bleach, Phenol And Ethanol On Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Staphylococcus Aureus. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 15, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/comparative-study-of-disinfectant-efficacy-of-bleach-phenol-and-ethanol-on-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-and-staphylococcus-aureus
MOUAU/12/21706, EMMANUEL. "Comparative Study Of Disinfectant Efficacy Of Bleach, Phenol And Ethanol On Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Staphylococcus Aureus" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 12 May. 2020, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/comparative-study-of-disinfectant-efficacy-of-bleach-phenol-and-ethanol-on-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-and-staphylococcus-aureus. Accessed 15 Nov. 2024.
MOUAU/12/21706, EMMANUEL. "Comparative Study Of Disinfectant Efficacy Of Bleach, Phenol And Ethanol On Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Staphylococcus Aureus". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 12 May. 2020. Web. 15 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/comparative-study-of-disinfectant-efficacy-of-bleach-phenol-and-ethanol-on-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-and-staphylococcus-aureus >.
MOUAU/12/21706, EMMANUEL. "Comparative Study Of Disinfectant Efficacy Of Bleach, Phenol And Ethanol On Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Staphylococcus Aureus" Mouau.afribary.org (2020). Accessed 15 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/comparative-study-of-disinfectant-efficacy-of-bleach-phenol-and-ethanol-on-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-and-staphylococcus-aureus