Vaginal Candidiasis And Bacteriuria Among Pregnant And Non-Pregnant Women In Umuahia

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates vaginal candidiasis and bacteriuria among pregnant and non-pregnant women in Umuahia, Abia State. A total of 80 samples of high vaginal swab and mid-stream urine samples were aseptically collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women. Standard microbiological methods were used to isolate and identify organisms in vaginal swabs and urine specimens.The bacterial isolates includes Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella  aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Escherichia coli having the highest percentage occurrence (35.6%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus(20%) in pregnant women, 31.25% and 18.75%  respectively in non-pregnant women. The fungal isolates includeCandida albicans, having the highest level of percentage occurrence. All isolates were tested against antimicrobial agents andCandida albicanswas sensitive to antifungal agents such as ketoconazole and fluconazole, while the bacterial isolates showed high level of sensitivity to nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is common in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Therefore, early diagnosis and adequate treatment of vaginal candidiasis and bacteriuria should be practiced.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ﾿

Certification ﾿

Dedication

Acknowledgements ﾿

Table of Contents ﾿

List of Tables ﾿

Abstract ﾿

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 ﾿ Introduction ﾿

1.1 ﾿ Aim and Objectives ﾿

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 ﾿ Bacteriuria ﾿ 3

2.1.1 ﾿ Biology of Urinary Tract ﾿ 7

2.1.2 ﾿ Classification of UTI ﾿ 7

2.1.3 ﾿ Uncomplicated and Complicated Urinary Tract Infection ﾿ 7

2.1.4 ﾿ Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection ﾿ 8

2.1.5 ﾿ Causative Agent ﾿ 9

2.1.6 ﾿ Asymptomatic and Symptomatic UTI ﾿ 10

2.2 ﾿ Physiological Changes during Pregnancy ﾿ 14

2.3 ﾿ Route of Infection ﾿ 16

2.4 ﾿ Emergence of Resistance among UTI Pathogens ﾿ 17

2.5 ﾿ Treatment of UTI ﾿ 20

2.6 ﾿ Vaginal Candidiasis ﾿ 21

2.6.1 ﾿ Signs and Symptoms of Vaginal Candidiasis ﾿ 23

2.6.2 ﾿ Causes of Vaginal Candidiasis ﾿ 24

2.7 ﾿ Diagnosis ﾿ 25

2.8 ﾿ Treatment ﾿ 26

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS ﾿

3.1 ﾿ Study Population ﾿ 28

3.2 ﾿ Collection of Samples ﾿ 28

3.3 ﾿ Sterilization of Materials ﾿ 28

3.4 ﾿ Media Preparation ﾿ 29

3.5 ﾿ Microbiological Examination of Sample ﾿ 29

3.5.1 ﾿ Microscopy ﾿ 29

3.5.2 ﾿ Identification of Isolates ﾿ 29

3.6 ﾿ Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test ﾿ 34

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ﾿ Results ﾿ 35

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ﾿

5.1 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 40

5.2 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 42

5.3 ﾿ Recommendations ﾿ 42

References ﾿