Prevalence Of Staphylococcus Saprophyticus In Urinary Tract Infection Among Females In Michael Okpara University Of Agruclture, Umudike

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) among females of reproductive age in the University community. The overall prevalence of UTI recorded in this study was 41% out of 100 females whose urine samples were examined. Staphylococcus saprophyticus was the second most frequent cause of UTI in young females with a prevalence of 26.8%. Other bacteria isolated include Escherichia coli (46.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.4%), Klebsiella species (7.3%), Streptococcus species (7.3%) and Proteus species (4.9%). Antibiotic susceptibility of S. saprophyticus showed 63.6% sensitivity to cloxacillin, 54.5% sensitivity to erythromycin, gentamycin and augmentin. This study has shown that S.saprophyticus is an important uropathogen in adolescents and young adult females.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ﾿ i

Declaration ﾿ ii

Certification ﾿ iii

Dedication ﾿ iv

Acknowledgement ﾿ v

List of Tables ﾿ vi

Table of Contents ﾿ vii

Abstract ﾿ ix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION ﾿ 1

1.1 Background of the Information ﾿ 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ﾿ 4

1.3 Scope of the Study ﾿ 5

1.4 Aims and Objectives of the Study ﾿ 6

1.4 Research questions. ﾿ 6

1.6 Significance of Study ﾿ 7

1.7 Limitations of the Study ﾿ 7

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ﾿

2.1 Literature Review ﾿ 8

2.2 Laboratory diagnosis. ﾿ 9

2.3 Genome structure ﾿ 10

2.4 Cell structure and metabolism ﾿ 11

2.5 Application to Biotechnology ﾿ 12

2.6 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) ﾿ 13

2.6.1 Pathogenesis ﾿ 14

2.6.2 Signs and symptoms ﾿ 17

2.6.3 Diagnosis ﾿ 17

2.6.4 Treatment ﾿ 20

2.7 Nonpharmacologic Therapies ﾿ 22

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS ﾿

3.1 Materials ﾿ 27

3.1.1 Specimen Collection ﾿ 27

3.1.2 Bacteriological Examination ﾿ 27

3.1.3 Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ﾿ 27

3.2 Phenotypic Identification of Staphylococcus Spp. ﾿ 28

3.3 Phenotypic Identification of Coagulase – Negative Staphylococci ﾿ 29

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ﾿

4.1 Results ﾿ 30

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ﾿

5.1 Discussion ﾿ 33

5.2 Summary ﾿ 33

5.3 Conclusion ﾿ 34

REFERENCES