Prevalence Of Shigella From Stool Samples In Diarrhea Patients

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of Shigella species in stool samples of diarrhea patient and their antibiogram, their studies. A total of (30) samples comprising 10 samples from each of three hospitals were analyzed for isolation, identification and susceptibility to different antibiotics. Results obtained showed that 3 species of Shigella were isolated; namely Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneriae. In the first hospital (hospital 1, the percentage occurrence of the isolate were 50%, 60% and 60% respectively, while the second hospital give occurrence of 60%, 40% and 50%, and in the third hospital (hospital 3) it was 40%, 50% and 30% respectively. Test on the antibiotic resistance pattern shows that the sensitivity and resistance of the different Shigella species to the different test drugs, vary with significant difference (P<0.05). Shigella flexneriae was resistant to tetracycline and ampycline but susceptible to chloramphenicol (21mm) ciprofloxacin (24mm), gentamicine (21.3mm) and clotrinoxazol (12.7mm). Shigella dysenteriae was resistance to tetracycline but susceptible to ampicillin (9.5mm), chlorophenical (15.0mm), gentamicin (12.50) and ciprofloxacin (18.5mm) while Shigella flexineriae was resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline but sensitive to chloramphenicol (17.3mm). Clotrimazole (17.0mm), gentamicin (23.7mm) and ciprofloxacin (23.6mm). Variations prevalence and antibiotic pattern of different Shigella species isolated from the diarrhea stools, was of significant difference (P<0.05)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ﾿ i

Declaration ﾿ ii

Certification ﾿ iii

Dedication ﾿ iv

Acknowledgement ﾿ v

Table of contents ﾿ vi

List of tables ﾿ viii

Abstract ﾿ ix

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 ﾿       Introduction ﾿ 1

1.1 ﾿ Causes of diarrhea ﾿ 5

1.2 ﾿ Epidemiology of diarrhea ﾿ 6

1.3 ﾿ Aims and objectives ﾿ 6

1.4 ﾿ Objectives ﾿ 7

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 ﾿ Literature review ﾿ 8

2.1 ﾿ Causes of shigellosis ﾿ 12

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 ﾿ Materials and methods ﾿ 14

3.1 ﾿ Source of materials ﾿ 14

3.2 ﾿ Sample/media preparation ﾿ 14

3.3 ﾿ Media preparation ﾿ 14 ﾿

3.4 ﾿ Sterilization ﾿ 15

3.5 ﾿ Enumeration and identification of bacteria ﾿ 15

3.6 ﾿ Identification of bacterial isolates ﾿ 15

3.7 ﾿ Gram staining ﾿ 16

3.8 ﾿ Biochemical cultural characteristics ﾿ 16

3.8.1 ﾿ Catalase test ﾿ 16

3.8.2 ﾿ Coagulase test ﾿ 16

3.8.3 ﾿ Citrate test ﾿ 17

3.8.4 ﾿ Motility, indole, urease test (MIU) ﾿ 17

3.8.5 ﾿ Triple sugar iron test ﾿ 18

3.8.6 ﾿ Oxidase test ﾿ 18

3.9 ﾿ Antibiotic sensitivity testing ﾿ 18

3.10 ﾿ Isolation of Shigella ﾿ 19

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ﾿ Results ﾿ 20

CHAPTER FIVE ﾿

5.0 ﾿ Discussion, recommendation and conclusion ﾿ 23

5.1 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 23

5.2 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 24

5.3 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 24

References ﾿ 25