Prevalence And Antibiogram Of Staphylococcus Aureus From Wound Specimen In Federal Medical Centre (Fmc) Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The importance of Staphylococcus aureus, a persistent nosocomial and community acquired pathogen has become a global health concern. It has a remarkable capability of evolving different mechanisms of resistance to most antimicrobial agents. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in clinical samples and their susceptibility pattern to antibiotics. Standardized microbiological and biochemical methods where used to screen 60 wound swabs for Staphylococcus aureus. 27(45%) isolates was obtained from the samples. Antibiotic susceptibility result revealed high percentage sensitivity to Rifampicin (88.9%), levofloxacin (85.2%), ciprofloxacin (77.8%), erythromycin (77.8%), streptomycin (77.8%), gentamicin (74%), ceftriaxone (70.4%). Norfloxacin showed moderate sensitivity of 59.3%. Resistance was recorded for ampiclox (55.5%), amoxicillin (51.8%), cefuroxime (51.8%) and chloramphenicol (51.8%). The result showed that the macrolides, aminoglycosides, and quinolones are effective for management of Staphylococcal infections. It is recommended that antibiotic sensitivity testing is carried out on all isolates from wounds before chemotherapy to avoid selection of drug resistance strains.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ﾿ i

Dedication ﾿ ii

Acknowledgements ﾿ iii

Table of contents ﾿ iv

List of tables ﾿ v

Abstract ﾿ vi ﾿

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 ﾿ INTRODUCTION 

1.1 ﾿ Aims ﾿ 3

1.2 ﾿ Objectives ﾿ 3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 ﾿ LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 ﾿ The Test Organism Staphylococcus aureus ﾿ 4

2.2 ﾿ Identification of  Staphylococci in The Clinical Laboratory ﾿ 5

2.3 ﾿ Epidemiology of Staphylococcu saureus Infections ﾿ 6

2.3.1 ﾿ Clinical Manifestations of S. aureus ﾿ 7

2.4 ﾿ Pathogenesis of  S. aureus Infections ﾿ 8

2.5 ﾿ Role of Adherence  Infections  Associated With Medical Devices ﾿ 9

2.6 ﾿ Resistance Of Staphylococci To Antimicrobial Drugs ﾿ 11

2.7 ﾿ Wound Sepsis ﾿ 12

2.8 ﾿ Epidemiology Of Wound Infections ﾿ 13

2.9 ﾿ Classification Of Wound ﾿ 15

2.10 ﾿ Microbiological Impact ﾿ 17

2.11 ﾿ Future Prospects ﾿ 18

CHAPTER THREE ﾿

3.0 ﾿ MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 ﾿ Study Area ﾿ 19

3.2 ﾿ Population study ﾿ 19

3.3 ﾿ Sample Collection ﾿ 19

3.4 ﾿ Media Preparation And Innoculation Of Wound Samples ﾿ 19

3.4.1 ﾿ Innoculation Of Samples And Isolation Of Staphylococcus Aureus ﾿ 20

3.5 ﾿ Identification Of Isolates. ﾿ 20

3.6 ﾿ Gram Stain Technique ﾿ 20

3.7 ﾿ Biochemical Tests ﾿ 20

3.7.1 ﾿ Catalase test ﾿ 20

3.7.2 ﾿ Coagulase test ﾿ 21

3.8 ﾿ Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing ﾿ 21

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ﾿ RESULTS ﾿ 22

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 ﾿ DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION  

5.1 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 27

5.2  ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 28

5.3        Recommendation ﾿ 29

References ﾿ 30