NASAL CARRIAGE OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus AMONG FOOD HANDLERS IN UMUDIKE

ABSTRACT

The Prevalence of methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was assessed among food handlers in Umudike. Nasal swabs were collected from 50 food handlers made up of 9 males and 41 females. Forty two (84%) of samples yielded growth with 35(70%) identified as Staphylococcus aureus.  The Antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates was done using Kirby-Bauer technique with ABTEK antibiotic susceptibility kit containing 8 antibiotics; Ceftazidine(30ug), Cloxacillin(5ug), Augumentin(30ug), Cefuroxime(30ug), Gentamicin(10ug), Ofloxacin(5ug), Erythromycin(5ug) and Ceftriaxone(30ug). 35 (100%) of the isolates were resistant to Ceftazidine, Cloxacillin, Augumentin and Cefuroxime. The isolates were sensitive to Gentamicin 13(37%) and Ofloxacin 7(20%). This study indicates that the multi drug Methicillin (Cloxacillin) resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains are wide spread among food handlers and the need for maintenance of good   hygiene practices by food handlers should be emphasized to avoid an increased rate of transmission to consumers. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Acknowledgment ﾿ iii

Abstract ﾿ iv

Table of contents                                                                                                                     v

List of tables ﾿             vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction ﾿ 1

1.2 Aims and objective ﾿ 4

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review ﾿ 5

2.1 Characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus ﾿ 7

2.2 Pathogenesis of S.aureus ﾿ 8

2.3 How does S.aureus reach the nose ﾿ 9

2.4 Antibiotic resistance and susceptibility ﾿ 9

2.5 Virulence factor ﾿ 10

2.6 Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ﾿ 12

2.7 Risk group ﾿ 14

2.7 Prevention and control ﾿ 15

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and methods ﾿ 18

3.1 Study area ﾿ 18

3.2 Sample collection ﾿ 18

3.3 Media used ﾿ 18

3.4 Preparation of culture media ﾿ 18

3.5 Inoculation and isolation of S.aureus ﾿ 19

3.6 Identification and confirmation of S.aureus ﾿ 19

3.6.1 Gram staining ﾿ 19

3.6.2 Biochemical test ﾿ 20

  3.7   Antibiotic susceptibility testing ﾿ 21

3.7.1 Reading of zone of inhibition ﾿ 21

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Results ﾿ 22

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion and Recommendation ﾿ 28

5.1 Discussion ﾿ 29

5.2 Conclusion ﾿ 29

5.3 Recommendation ﾿                         30

References

Appendix