Isolation And Identification Of Sulphur Oxidizing Bacteria In Oguta Lake,Imo State.

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to isolate sulphur oxidising bacteria from Oguta lake of Oguta local government area, Imo state and  their sulphur oxidation ability was evaluated. Results showed that in total five sulphuroxidising bacteria were isolated from four different points of the lake. From the qualitative screening it was found that out of the Nine bacterial isolates, five isolates could efficiently reduce the pH of the medium upto 3.8 from the initial pH 8.1. Their sulphate ion production abilities were in the range of 1.67 mg/ml-2.58 mg/ml. From morphological and biochemical characterisation, most of the isolates were identified as Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp. and xanthobacter sp.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Cover Page ﾿ i

Title Page ﾿ ii

Certification ﾿ iii

Dedication ﾿ iv

Acknowledgement ﾿ v

Table of content ﾿ vi

List of Tables ﾿ vii

Abstract ﾿ viii

Chapter One

1.1 ﾿ Introduction      ﾿ 1                                                                                1.2 ﾿ Statement of Problem ﾿ 3

1.3 ﾿ Aim and Objective ﾿ 3

1.3.1 ﾿ Specific Objective ﾿ 3

Chapter Two

﾿ Literature Review ﾿ 4

2.1 ﾿ Sulphur Oxidizing Microorganisms ﾿ 4

2.2 ﾿ The Sulphur-Oxidizing Bacteria ﾿ 5

2.3 ﾿ Other Sulphur Bacteria ﾿ 6

2.4 ﾿ Isolation,Characterization And Identification Of Sulphur Oxidizing Bacteria ﾿ 6

2.4.1 ﾿ Isolation ﾿ 6

2.4.2 ﾿ Characterization and Identification ﾿ 7

2.5 ﾿ Review of Sulphur Oxidizing Bacteria ﾿ 9

2.5.1 ﾿ Isolation of Sulphur-Oxidizing Bacteria At 37°C & 50°C ﾿ 10

2.5.2 ﾿ Moderately ThermophilicSulphur-Oxidizing Bacteria ﾿ 11

2.6 ﾿ Forms of Sulphur Oxidizing Bacteria ﾿ 11

2.6.1 ﾿ Green Sulfur Bacteria ﾿ 11

2.6.2 ﾿ Purple Sulfur Bacteria ﾿ 12

2.6.3 ﾿ Thiobacillus ﾿ 12

2.6.4 ﾿ Thermococcus ﾿ 13

2.7 ﾿ Effect of Sulfur Bacteria or Hydrogen Sulfide ﾿ 13

2.7.1 ﾿ Problems Associated With Sulfur Bacteria Or Hydrogen Sulfide ﾿ 14

2.8 ﾿ Sulfates and Hydrogen Sulfide ﾿ 14

2.8.1 ﾿ Sulfate\ ﾿ 15

2.8.2 ﾿ Hydrogen Sulfide ﾿ 15

2.9 ﾿ Health Issues Associated With Sulfate ﾿ 16

2.10 ﾿ Testing Options for Sulphur ﾿ 17

2.11 ﾿ Drinking Water Standards ﾿ 17

2.12 ﾿ Oxidation ﾿ 22

2.12.1 Photoautotrophic Oxidation of Sulphide ﾿ 23

2.12.2 ChemolithothrophicSulphide Oxidation ﾿ 24

2.13 Enzyme Responsible For Sulphur Oxidation ﾿ 26

2.14 Sox Gene InSulphurOxidising Bacteria ﾿ 27

2.15 Some Important Biological Application OfSulphur Oxidizing        ﾿ Bacteria ﾿ 28

2.15.1 Bioleaching ﾿ 28

2.15.2 Biofertiliser ﾿ 28 ﾿

2.15.3 Plant Growth Promotion ﾿ 29

2.15.4 Biocontroling Agent ﾿ 29

2.15.5  Deodorization ﾿ 30

2.15.6 Rubber Recycling ﾿ 30

Chapter Three: Materials and Methods ﾿ 32

3.1 ﾿ Source of Materials ﾿ 32

3.2 ﾿ Sampling and Sample Preparation ﾿ 32

3.2.2 Preparation Of Medium For Qualitative Sulphur Oxidizing ﾿ Test ﾿

(Thiosulphate Agar Broth). ﾿ 32

3.3      Preparation of Media For Bacteria Isolate. ﾿ 33

3.4. ﾿ Isolation of Bacteria ﾿ 33

3.5. ﾿ Qualitative Screening for Sulphur Oxidizing Bacteria ﾿ Isolates ﾿ 34

3.6. ﾿ Determination of Sulphur Production Activity Of Sob Isolates ﾿ 34 ﾿

3.7.   Identification of Sulphur Oxidizing Isolates ﾿ 35

3.7.1   Morphological Characterisitcs ﾿ 35

3.7.2  Gram Staining ﾿ 36

3.7.2. Biochemical Characteristics ﾿ 36

3.7.4. Identification ﾿ 37

Chapter Four: Result ﾿ 38

Chapter Five    Discussion and Conclusions 

5.1    Discussion ﾿ 44 ﾿

5.2    Conclusion ﾿ 45

        References

       Appendix ﾿