ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA FROM NECKLACE WORN BY MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY

ABSTRACT

A total of 50 necklace were swabbed for bacteria contamination. Samples collected were cultured and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. In the course of the study the following bacteria were isolated Staphylococcus aureus (28%), Streptococcusspp (12%), Klebsiella pneumonia (4%), E. coli (4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%),  andStaphylococcus aureus (28%) was the most frequently isolated organism . Sensitivity test was carried out and most of the isolates were sensitive to Peflacine, Tarivid, Ceftriaxone and resistant to Ceporex, Septrin and Ampicillin. The spread of the microorganism and prevention of infection from necklace can be minimized by proper bathing and showering with soap and antiseptics, and also by regular cleaning of necklace with antimicrobial agents suitable for it.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page ﾿ i

Dedication ﾿ ii

Certification ﾿ iii

Acknowledgement ﾿ iv

Table of Contents ﾿ v

List of Tables ﾿ vi

Abstract ﾿ vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 ﾿ Introduction ﾿ 1

1.1 ﾿ Aims 

1.2    Objectives ﾿ 3

1.3 ﾿ Statement of Problems ﾿ 3

1.4 ﾿ The Significance of Study ﾿ 3

1.5 ﾿ Scope of Study ﾿ 3

1.6 ﾿ Limitations ﾿ 4

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 ﾿ LITERATURE REVIEW ﾿ 5

2.1 ﾿ General Incidence of Pathogenic Organism in Necklace Sample ﾿ 5

2.2 ﾿ Bacterial Contaminants Associated with Necklace ﾿ 6

2.2.1 ﾿ Staphylococcus aureus ﾿ 6

2.2.2 ﾿ Streptococcus pyogenes ﾿ 7

2.2.3 ﾿ Enterobacteria ﾿ 8 ﾿

2.2.4 ﾿ Pseudomonas aeruginosa ﾿ 12

2.3 ﾿ The Effectiveness of Proper Bathing and Washing in 

             Reducing the Risk of Infection ﾿ 12

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 ﾿ Materials and Methods ﾿ 15

3.1 ﾿ Study Area ﾿ 15

3.2 ﾿ Collection of Samples ﾿ 15

3.3 ﾿ Preparation of Culture Media ﾿ 16

3.4 ﾿ Bacterial Inoculation and Isolation ﾿ 16

3.5 ﾿ Characterization and Identification of Organisms ﾿ 16

3.6 ﾿ Gram Staining ﾿ 16

3.7 ﾿ Biochemical Testing ﾿ 17

3.7.1 ﾿ Catalase test ﾿ 17

3.7.2 ﾿ Coagulase test ﾿ 17

3.7.3 ﾿ Citrate test ﾿ 17

3.7.4 ﾿ Motility, Indole, Urease test ﾿ 18

3.7.5 ﾿ Triple sugar ion test ﾿ 19

3.7.6 ﾿ Oxidase test ﾿ 19

3.8 ﾿ Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ﾿ 19

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ﾿ Results ﾿ 20

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 28

5.1 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 29

5.2 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 30

REFERENCES

LISTS OF TABLES

Table ﾿ Title ﾿ Page 

1 ﾿ Morphological Identification of Isolates ﾿ 21

2 ﾿ Biochemical identification ﾿ 22

3 ﾿ Distribution of isolates from various necklace ﾿ 23

4 ﾿ Incidence of bacterial carriage on Necklace ﾿ 24

5 ﾿ Degree of bacterial contamination of Necklace Samples ﾿ 25

6 ﾿ Antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial isolates from various necklaces ﾿ 26