ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS OF PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE FROM WATER-SIDE ABATTOIR EFFLUENT, ABA, ABIA STATE

ABSTRACT 

The Isolation and Identification of microorganisms of Public Health Importance from Water-Side Abattoir effluent, Aba, Abia State was carried out. Samples were taken from the abattoir effluent, and also, from upstream and downstream of the receiving water body. The samples were examined for pathogenic microorganisms and the mean counts of the different isolates were gotten. The bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter sp. while the fungal isolates were Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp. and Penicillium sp. The Total Heterotrophic Count ranged from 9.8 × 104 cfu/ml to 2.2 × 107 cfu/ml with the effluent giving the highest mean count. The Total Coliform Count ranged from 7.5 × 104 cfu/ml to 1.7 × 107 cfu/ml with the effluent also giving the highest mean count. The Salmonella count ranged from 3.4 × 103 cfu/ml to 7.0 × 104 cfu/ml. The Shigella count ranged from 2.2 × 103cfu/ml to 5.6 × 104 cfu/ml. The Escherichia coli count ranged from 2.0 × 104 cfu/ml to 5.4 × 105cfu/ml. The Staphylococcus aureus count ranged from 7.0 × 103 cfu/ml to 6.7 × 105 cfu/ml. The fungal count ranged from 2.0 × 103 cfu/ml to 5.0 × 104 cfu/ml. The presence of the isolated pathogens could impact on public health and indicates poor abattoir hygiene. Thus, adoption of appropriate abattoir wastewater treatment measure is recommended.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Certification ﾿ i

Dedication ﾿ ii

Acknowledgements ﾿ iii

Table of Contents ﾿ iv

List of Tables ﾿ vi

Abstract ﾿ vii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 

1.0 ﾿ Introduction ﾿ 1

1.1 ﾿ Aims and Objectives ﾿ 2

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 

2.0 ﾿ Slaughter and Waste Handling in Nigeria ﾿ 3

2.1 ﾿ Pollution of water bodies with Abattoir Waste ﾿ 4

2.2 ﾿ Potential bacterial contaminants associated with abattoir wastewater ﾿ 4

2.2.1 ﾿ Escherichia coli ﾿ 5

2.2.2 ﾿ Salmonella ﾿ 6

2.2.3 ﾿ Shigella ﾿ 8

2.2.4 ﾿ Klebsiella ﾿ 9

2.2.5 ﾿ Enterobacter ﾿ 10

2.2.6 ﾿ Serratia ﾿ 11

2.2.7 ﾿ Pseudomonas ﾿ 11

2.3 ﾿ Viruses that can be found in abattoir wastewater ﾿ 12

2.3.1 ﾿ Rotavirus ﾿ 12 ﾿

2.3.2 ﾿ Hepatitis A virus (HAV) ﾿ 13

2.3.3 ﾿ Hepatitis E virus (HEV) ﾿ 13 ﾿

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS  

3.0 ﾿ Study Site ﾿ 15

3.1 ﾿ Sample collection ﾿ 15

3.2 ﾿ Sterilization of materials ﾿ 15

3.3 ﾿ Media Preparation ﾿ 15

3.4 ﾿ Isolation and enumeration of microorganisms ﾿ 16

3.5 ﾿ Characterization and Identification of isolates ﾿ 17

3.5.1 ﾿ Gram Staining ﾿ 17

3.5.2    Motility test ﾿ 18

3.6 ﾿ Biochemical Tests ﾿ 18

3.6.1 ﾿ Catalase Test ﾿ 18

3.6.2 ﾿ Coagulase Test ﾿ 19

3.6.3 ﾿ Oxidase Test ﾿ 19

3.6.4 ﾿ Urease Test ﾿ 19

3.6.5 ﾿ Indole Test ﾿ 19

3.6.6 ﾿ Methyl Red-VogesProskauer Test ﾿ 20

3.6.7 ﾿ Citrate Utilization test ﾿ 20 ﾿

3.6.8 ﾿ Sugar Fermentation Test ﾿ 20

3.7 ﾿ Statistical analysis ﾿ 21

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS ﾿ 22

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 26

5.1 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 29

5.2 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 29

REFERENCES ﾿ 30

Appendix

LIST OF TABLES 

Table ﾿                                 Title ﾿         Page

      1 ﾿ Microbial count of the isolates ﾿   23

      2 ﾿ Characterization and Identification of Bacterial Isolates ﾿   24

      ﾿       3            ﾿ Identification and Characterization of Fungal Isolates ﾿   25