Evaluation Of The Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic, And In Vitro Antioxidant Effects Of The Methanolic Leaf Extract Of Callichilia Subsessilis On Albino Wistar Rats:-Ikwuagwu, Elizabeth O

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antioxidant activities of Callichilia subsessilis. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the formalin and egg albumin-induced paw oedema methods. Doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of Callichilia subsessilis extract (CSE) were used and the effects compared to aspirin (200 mg/kg) used as the standard reference drug. The analgesic activity was evaluated using the tail flick and acetic acid induced reflex models. Doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg ofCSE were used and the effects compared to pentazocine (3 mg/kg) and aspirin (200 mg/kg) used as standard drugs. The antipyretic activity was also evaluated using the brewer’s yeast model and the effects of CSE were compared to aspirin the reference drug. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2, 2 Diphenyl1- picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) photometric assay at concentrations of 25-400 pg/ml using ascorbic acid as standard. In the anti-inflammatory study, using the formalin-induced paw oedema method; CSE caused 40%, 36% and 58% inhibition of fonnalin-induced paw oedema at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg respectively while aspirin produced 44% reduction when compared to the negative control. In ihe egg albumin induced paw oedema, the extract significantly (pO.001) reduced oedema when compared to the negative control. In the egg albumin-induced paw oedema, the extract significantly (p<0.001) reduced paw oedema when compared to the non-treated group with the best activity seen at the dose of 100 mg/kg of CSE. The result ofthe analgesic test, using the tail flick model, showed that the extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced pain when compared to the negative control with the best activity seen at the dose of 50 mg/kg 1 hour post pentazocine administration. In the acetic acid induced reflex model, the extract significantly (p<0.001) reduced pain when compared to the non-treated group with the best activity seen at the dose of 100 mg/kg. In the brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia model, the extract did not show significant activity when compared to the negative control. Finally, in DPPH photometric aassay, the extract showed a concentration dependent antioxidant activity. In conclusion, Callichilia subsessilis demonstrated considerable antiinflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant and minimal antipyretic activities. It validates the use of Callichilia subsessilis in traditional medicine for this purpose.