ASSESSMENT ON THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENT AND ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING ANALYSIS OF Cucumis sativus (CUCUMBER)

ABSTRACT

The research work was carried out to evaluate the assessment on the phytochemical component and antibacterial screening analysis of Cucumis sativus (cucumber).Methods adopted include streak method for inoculation, Agar well diffusion for sensitivity testing and Broth dilution method for the determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration. The morphological and biochemical examinations reveals the bacterial isolates to belong to the genera Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Klebsiella pneumonie,, Escherichia coli.The results showed that  the plant extract with ethanolic extract, hot water extract, cold water extract  produce the highest zone of inhibition with the range 15-18mm followed by 75% concentration of plant extract and ethanol, hot and cold water produces a zone of inhibition at 11mm while the least zone of inhibition of plant extract with ethanolic extract, hot and cold water extract  is 5mm.For individual The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the plant extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is 25mg/ml with the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value is 50mg/ml. The Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of plant extract against Streptococcus species and Klebsiella pneumonie is 100mg/ml and 50mg/ml with the minimum bactericidal concentration 200mg/ml and 100mg/ml respectively. The antimicrobial assay of the seed extract used in this study showed the antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The seeds extracts of the plants species under the study were found to contain Alkaloids, Tannins, saponines, phenols, steroids and Flavonoids. The presence of these photochemical compounds in these plants enhances their pharmaceutical and therapeutic potentials.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgment ﾿ iv

Table of Contents ﾿ v

List of Tables ﾿ vii

Abstract ﾿ viii

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION      

1.0 ﾿ Background of Study                                                                        1                     

1.1 ﾿      Aims And Objectives ﾿ 2

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      Literature Review ﾿ 3

2.1 ﾿ The Studied Plant ﾿ 3

2.2    Extraction OF Plant Bioactive Component ﾿ 3

2.3   Properties OF Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) ﾿ 6

2.4    Antimicrobial Secondary Metabolites ﾿ 6

2.5 Pratical Clinical Application Of Plant Anti Microbial Compounds ﾿ 7

2.6 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test  (AST) ﾿ 7 ﾿

2.7 Factors Affecting the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ﾿ 9

2.8 Some Control Measures On Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST)  10

2.9  Phytochemicals And Its Medicinal Properties ﾿ 10

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and Method (Methodiology) ﾿ 12

3.1 Sample Collection and Identification ﾿ 12

3.2 Method of Plate Preparation ﾿ 12

3.3 ﾿ Identification of Isolates ﾿ 12

3.4 ﾿ Gram’s  Staining Technique ﾿ 13

3. 5 Samples Preparation And Extraction ﾿ 13

3.6 Antimicrobial   Assay ﾿ 14

3.6.1 ﾿ Sensitivity testing ﾿ 14

3.6.2  Determination Of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration  [MIC] ﾿ 14

3.6.3 ﾿ Determination Of Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ﾿ 14

3.7  Determining Of Phytochemical Component Of Cucumis Sativus      ﾿ 15                                                                                                              

3.8 ﾿ Detection of Alkaloids ﾿ 15

3.9 ﾿ Detection of Saponins ﾿ 15

3.1.0 ﾿ Detection of Phenols ﾿ 15

3.1.1 ﾿ Detection of Tannins ﾿ 15

3.1.2 ﾿ Detection of Flavonoids ﾿ 16

3.1.3 ﾿ Detection of Steroids ﾿ 16

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS ﾿ 17

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 ﾿ Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation ﾿ 24

5.1 ﾿ Discussion ﾿                                                                                        24

5.2 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 25

5.3 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 25

REFERENCE