Appraisal Of Dyes And Their Degree Of Fastness On Cotton Fabric Using Lesser Known Plants Aspilia Africana And Baphia Nitida (Leaves)

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research was to appraise dye and their degree of fastness on cotton fabric using Aspilia Africana and Baphia nitida, Different cotton fabric were dyed and they were carefully accessed for beauty, appearance, colour fastness and general acceptability, which was evaluated by twenty panelist (ANOVA) Analysis of variance was used to determine significant difference at (P<0.05) probability level in the various samples. The leaves of Aspilia Africana and Baphia nitida were collected, dried, grounded, and dye extracts obtained by solvent extraction and Baphia nitida using ethanol and water. The constituents from the leaves of Baphia nitida were extracted using ethanol and water as solvents. The color of the extract obtained from Aspilia Africana was light brown in colour while that of Baphia nitida was green in colour, Extracts were also collected from Aspilia Africana and Baphia nitida using water. (aqueous extracts) and ethanol (organic extracts) Sample C1 emerged the best in beauty and also showed a little level of fastness when tested on fabric, Sample C2 the best in appearance  and showed a high degree of  fastness to sunlight, Sample  C2 the best in appearance, SampleB2 appeared best in colour fastness and finally sample C1 was generally acceptable .Samples A1,A2,B1,B2, degree of fastness was low, compared to the control, Sample C1 showed a high degree of fastness to washing than other remaining samples while Sample C2 showed a high degree of fastness to sunlight. Based on the findings of this study, the researchers observed that other local mordants apart from salt and Alum can be used to retain fastness in natural plant dye like plantain trunk juice which is a good mordant than hydrous. The result of this study suggest the popular use of natural plants like Aspilia Africana and Baphia nitida as dye and herbal medicine.  

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE                                                                                      I ﾿

APPROVAL ﾿                                   ﾿ II

CERTIFICATION ﾿ III

DEDICATION ﾿ IV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ﾿ V

TABLE OF CONTENTS ﾿ VI-X

LIST OF FIGURES ﾿ Xi

LIST OF TABLES ﾿ Xii

ABSTRACT ﾿ xii

CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION

1.1 ﾿ Background of the Study ﾿ 1

1.2 ﾿ Statement of Problem ﾿ 3

1.3 ﾿ Objectives of the Study ﾿ 4            

1.4   Research Question                                                            ﾿ 5

1.5 ﾿ Significance of the Study ﾿ 5 ﾿       

1.6 ﾿ Scope of the Study/Limitations ﾿ 6

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Conceptual framework ﾿ 7

2.1.1 Concept of Dye ﾿ 7

2.1.2 Concept of Fastness ﾿ 9

2.2 Brief History of Aspilia africana ﾿ 10  

2.2.1 ﾿ Species of Aspilia africana ﾿ 11

2.2.2 ﾿ Leaves and Flowers of Aspilia africana ﾿ 11

2.2.3 ﾿ Uses of Aspilia africana ﾿ 13

2.2.4 ﾿ Benefit of Aspilia africana ﾿ 14

2.2.5 Elemental Composition of Aspilia africana ﾿     ﾿ 15 ﾿

2.2.6 ﾿ Common Names of Aspilia africana ﾿ 15

2.3 ﾿ Description of Baphia nitida ﾿ 16

2.3.1 Agroforestry uses ﾿ 17

2.3.2 Propagation ﾿ 18

2.3.3 Human Uses ﾿ 19

2.3.4 Scientific Classification ﾿ 19 

2.4 Theoretical Framework ﾿ 20

2.4.1 Theory of Dye ﾿ 22

2.4.2 Fastness of Dye to Washing ﾿ 22

2.4.3 Fastness of Dye to Light (Sunshine) ﾿ 22

2.5 Cotton ﾿ 23

2.5.1 ﾿ Cotton finishes ﾿ 24

2.6 Review of Related Empirical Studies ﾿ 25

2.7 Summary of Reviewed Literature ﾿ 27 ﾿

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 ﾿ Area of Study ﾿ 28

3.2 ﾿ Research Design ﾿ 28

3.3 ﾿ Population for the Study ﾿ 28

3.4   Sources of Material ﾿ 29

3.5  Product for Analysis ﾿ 29

3.6 ﾿ Instrument for Data Analysis ﾿ 30

3.6.1 Sample Formulation ( Tie- dye Procedures) ﾿ 30

3.7 ﾿ Order of Experiment ﾿ 32

3.7.1 Extraction of Dyes from Aspilia africana ﾿

and Baphia nitida ﾿ 32

3.7.2 ﾿ Organic Extraction ﾿ 33

3.8 ﾿ Test on Fabrics ﾿ 33

3.9 ﾿ Statistics Analysis ﾿ 34

3.9.1 ﾿ Extraction and Use ﾿ 35

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Findings ﾿ 37

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 ﾿ Summary ﾿ 41

5.2 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 41

5.3 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 42

Appendix ﾿ 1 ﾿ 43

Appendix  2 ﾿ 44

Appendix  3 ﾿ 45

Appendix  4 ﾿ 46

Appendix  5 ﾿ 47

Appendix  6 ﾿ 48