ANTIMICROBIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF LEAVES AND SEEDS OF CARICA PAPAYA (PAW-PAW)

ABSTRACT

This research work was aimed at investigating the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of ethanol and water extract of leaf and seed of C. papaya. The ethanol extract of the plant parts generated  more phytochemical constituents than the aqueous extract. The four test organisms were obtained from already made stock culture plate. The inoculation was done using streak plate method. The extract of C. papaya parts recorded various degrees of antimicrobial efficacy against the test organisms using ethanol and water as extraction solvents. The highest in-vitro antimicrobial activity was observed by the ethanol leaf extract (16.5 mm) on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa at 200 mg/ml respectively. C. albican recorded the lowest zone of inhibition (13.0 mm). The leaf water extract recorded the highest potency on S. aureus and E. coli at 200mg/ml. the result of the seeds ethanol extract did not record any activity against S. aureus and E.coli (00 mg) while P.aeruginosa and C. albican recorded (12 mm and 15mm ) respectively. The same result was obtained on seed water extract on the test organisms. The result of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of water and ethanol extract on the seed and leaf showed various degrees of inhibition. The results from this research work has shown that the ethanol water extract of the seed and leaf of C. papaya particularly the leaf have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, hence, can serve as a good antimicrobial agent against test the organisms. The results obtained were discussed in line with current research.

Table of contents

Title page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii 

Acknowledgements ﾿ iv

Abstract ﾿ v

Table of contents ﾿ vi

List of Tables ﾿ viii

CHAPTER ONE ﾿

1.0 Introduction ﾿ 1

1.1 Aims and objectives ﾿ 4

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 ﾿ Literature review ﾿ 5

2.1 ﾿ Historical background of medicinal plant ﾿ 5

2.2 ﾿ Plant with their medicinal uses ﾿ 6

2.3 ﾿ Growth morphology and habitat of carica papaya ﾿ 7

2.4 ﾿ Indigenous uses and chemical properties of carica papaya ﾿ 8

2.5 ﾿ Active chemical constituent of medicine action of plant ﾿ 11

2.6 ﾿ Growth, morphology and habitat of carica papaya ﾿ 14

2.7 ﾿ Biology and pathogenicity of test organisms ﾿ 14 

CHAPTER THREE ﾿

3.0 Materials and methods ﾿ 18

3.1 Materials ﾿ 18

3.2 Methods ﾿ 18

 3.3 Sterilization practices ﾿ 18

3.4 Collection of plant materials ﾿ 19

3.5 Preparation of extracts ﾿ 19

3.6 Preparation of ethanolic leaf extract of c. Papaya ﾿ 19

3.7 Aqueous extract preparation ﾿ 20

3.8 Preparation of different concentration of extract ﾿ 20

3.9 Preparation of paper disc ﾿ 20

3.1.1 Determination of the asorptive capacity of the disc ﾿ 21

3.1.2 ﾿ Media preparation ﾿ 21

3.3.3 ﾿ Determination of antimicrobial activity ﾿ 22 

3.3.4 ﾿ Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration ﾿ 22

3.3.5 Phytochemical analysis ﾿ 23

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ﾿ Results ﾿ 25

4.1 ﾿ Effect of percentage yield of plant extract ﾿ 25

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 38

5.1 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 39 

5.2 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 39 

References 

List of tables

Table ﾿ Title ﾿ Pages

1. ﾿ Percentage yield of the crude extract of C. Papaya (seeds and leaves) ﾿ 29

2. ﾿ Phytochemical analysis of seed extract of C. Papaya in 95% ethanol 

and water ﾿ 30

3. ﾿ Phytochemical analysis of leaves extract of C. papaya in 90% ethanol 

and water ﾿ 31

4. ﾿ Antimicrobial activity of ethanol leaves extract on test

Organisms of C. papaya ﾿ 32 

5. ﾿ Antimicrobial activity of leaves water extract of C.papaya ﾿ 33

6. ﾿ Antimicrobial Activity of seed ethanol extract on test organisms ﾿ 34

7. ﾿ Antimicrobial Activity of seeds water extract on the test organisms ﾿ 31

8. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of leaves extract of 

C. papaya against the test organism ﾿ 32

9. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of seeds extract of 

C. papaya against test organism ﾿ 33