Antimicrobial Activity, Phytochemical And Pharmacological Effects In Oxytocin Induced Contraction In Female Rat Of Combretum Dolichopetalum (Bush Willow) Root Extract :- Nwachukwu Chika M

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study are: (i) to determine the phytochemical analysis df Combretum dolichopetalum (bush willow), (ii) to determine the antimicrobial activities/effect of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration using methanol extract of combretum dolichopetalum root, and (iii) to determine the pharmacological response test of methanol extract of Combretum dolichopetalum in oxytocin induced contraction in non-pregnant female albino rat. An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or inhibits their growth. They can be classified according to their functions. Agents that kill microbes are called microbicidal or bactericidal, while those that merely inhibit their growth are called biostatic or bacterostatic. Phytochemical screening is a qualitative (extracts) and quantitative (whole plant) test for the bioactive chemical constituent of the plant. The pharmacological response test is to evaluate the effect of a drug on a living system. In the study, the results showed that oxytocin, which is a standard drug, has a dosedependent effect on contraction only, i.e. the higher the concentration, the higher the contraction. The methanol root extract of C. dolichopetalum shows more relaxation effect more than the leaf extract. The study of the effect of C. dolichopetalum root extract on oxytocin induced contraction in non-pregnant albino rat shows a similar relaxant activity as the standard drug (salbutamol) in a non-dose dependent manner with complete inhibition at 333.33pg/ml dose of root extract with oxytocin induced at 25.0lp. The Antimicrobial screening was studied using a broth dilution methoci against five test organisms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albican shows bacteriostatic effect using agar diffusion techniques on the methanol extract to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The extract gave a better minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results on the organisms such as (2.67mm (1,562mg/ml), 2.67mm(6.25 mg/ml), 2.67mm(3.125mg/ml), 3mm(6.25mg mg/ml) and 2.33mm(1.562mg mg/ml) and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) result (3.125mg/ml) respectively in the five test organisms. The study has shown that the root extract of C. dolichopetalum possess antimicrobial activity and pharmacological effect in the uterus of rat and as a substitute for the standard since they produces same relaxant effect.