Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern Of Staphylococcus Aureus From Fomites In The Federal Medical Centre Umuahia

ABSTRACT

This study determines the possible roles of cross examination in the hospital environment. One hundred swabs were obtained from doctor’s stethoscope diaphragm, cell phones of health care workers (HCWS). Patient’s bed linen, pillow and door knobs at the Federal Medical Centre Umuahia from May 4th to May 11th 2016 using sterile cotton tipped applicators. Cultures from the swabs were screened for Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that 18.18% of the doctors stethoscopes, 22.73% of the doctors cellphones of the pillows and 13.64% of the bedlinens were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. Less than 97.73 of the isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and 95.45% to Levofloxacin and 93.18% to Norfloxacin, while 81.82% were sensitive to Gentamycin. 68.18% to Erythromycin, 63.64% to Rifampin. 54.55% to Amoxacillin , while 40% were sensitive to chloramphenicol and Streptomycin, and 27.27% to Ampiclox. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to some of the antibiotics used than the others. The isolates were sensitive to most of the antibiotics to different degree except Ampiclox. The risk of having population of Staphylococcus aureus strains with high multi drug resistance is high in the study area. There is need to address indiscriminate use of antibiotics and other risk behaviour related to hygiene measure of the health care workers.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Certification ﾿ i

Dedication ﾿ ii

Acknowledgement ﾿ iii

Table of content ﾿ iv

List of Table ﾿ v

Abstract ﾿ vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 ﾿ INTRODUCTION ﾿ 1

1.2 ﾿ Aim of Study ﾿ 2

1.3 ﾿ Objectives of Study ﾿ 2

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 ﾿ Nosocomial Infections ﾿ 3

2.1 ﾿ Staphylococcus Aureus ﾿ 5

2.2 ﾿ Staphylococcus Genus ﾿ 8

2.3 ﾿ Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus Infection ﾿ 9

2.4 ﾿ Fomites ﾿ 11

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.0 ﾿ Hospital settings ﾿ 12

3.1 ﾿ Sample Collection ﾿ 12

3.2 ﾿ Media Preparation ﾿ 12

3.2.1 ﾿ Macconkey Agar ﾿ 12

3.2.2 ﾿ Nutrient Agar ﾿ 13

3.2.3 ﾿ Culture ﾿ 13

3.3 ﾿ Isolation and characterization ﾿ 14 ﾿

3.4 ﾿ Gram Staining ﾿ 14

3.5 ﾿ Biochemical Test (Reactions) ﾿ 15 ﾿

3.5.1 ﾿ Catalase Test ﾿ 15

3.5.2 ﾿ Coagulase Test ﾿ 16

3.6 ﾿ Antibiotic Susceptibility test ﾿ 16 ﾿

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 ﾿ RESULTS ﾿ 17

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0 ﾿ DISCUSSION ﾿ 22

5.1 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 24

5.2 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 25

REFERENCES