ABSTRACT
The possibility of producing African yam bean (AYB) yoghurt from AYB seeds was explored in this research. The AYB milk equivalent was prepare& from the grains of AYB. The grains were sorted, dehulled,blended with 1 75% water into slurry, diluted with distilled water in the ratio of 1:5 (w/v) and sieved with a muslin cloth. A 1 5- member untrained panelists using a nine point Hedonic scale scores, was used to evaluate the acceptability of the AYB yoghurt. The AYB milk equivalent incubated at 42°C for 15 hours using a lyophilized thermophilic starter culture gave yoghurt with the characteristic sour taste and good consistency. The colour, consistency,sour taste,flavour and overall acceptability scored the means of 6.53, 7.27, 6.87, 6.13, and 7.20 respectively. The means respectively represented 72.56%, 80.78%, 76.33%, 68.11%, and 80.00% acceptance. The proximate composition of the AYB Yoghurt showed 83.250% moisture, 3.326% cnide protein, 0.278% ash, 0.03 1 % crude fibre, 1 .900% ether extract and 11 .215% carbohydrate. Some quality parameters investigated on the AYB yoghurt showed a pH of 3.67,1.08% lactic acid and 317.597Kj/100g energy value. The microbial analysis on the AYB yoghurt revealed only the presence of the two symbiotic cultures- L. hu/garicus and S. iliermophilus inoculated. One-in-ten (10-') serial dilution showed 4.8x 10 cells of each bacteria strains.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Table of contents
List of tables
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1 .0 Introduction
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review 3
2.1 African Yam bean 3
2.1.0 Origin and description 3
2.1.1 Nutritional status of AYB 4
2. 1 .2 Anti-Physiological Factors of AYB 5
2. 1.3 Therapuetic value of AYB 6
2.2 Yoghurt 6
2.2.0 History and composition of yoghurt 6
2.2. 1 Therapeutic function of yoghurt 7
2.2.2 Nutritional value of yoghurt 8
2.3.0 Gelatin 9
2.4. Microbiology of yoghurt organisms 10
2.4.1 Effects of inhibitory agent on the yoghurt
mixed cultures 15
2.4.1 a Natural yoghurt culture inhibitors 15
2.4.lb Chemical inhibition on yoghurt starters 16
2.4. Ic Bacteriophages (phages) 20
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Material and methods 21
3.1 AYB milk equivalent preparation 21
3.2 AYB yoghurt preparation 21
3.3 Chemical analysis of AYB yoghurt 22
3.3.1 Crude protein 22
3.3.2 Moisture content 22
3.3.3 Fat determination 23
3.3.4 Crude fibre determination 23
3.3.5 Ash content determination 24
3.3.6 Carbohydrate determination 24
3.3.7 Detennination of pH value of AYB yoghurt 25
3.3.8 Titratable Acidity(TTA) 25
3.4 Evaluation of the energy value of the AYB
yoghurt 26
3.5 Sensory evaluation 26
3.6 Microbial analysis of the AYB yoghurt 27
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results and discussion 29
4.1 Sensory evaluation of AYB yoghurt 30
4.2 Proximate composition of AYB yoghurt 31
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation
References 36
Appendices
Appendix 1. Calculation of the proximate analysis 45
Appendix 2. Calculation of the energy value of AYB
yoghurt 46
EKE, U (2021). Production of Yoghurt Using African Yam Bean (Ayb) Sphenosty list Stenocarpaharms). Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 14, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/production-of-yoghurt-using-african-yam-bean-ayb-sphenosty-list-stenocarpaharms-7-2
UKA, EKE. "Production of Yoghurt Using African Yam Bean (Ayb) Sphenosty list Stenocarpaharms)" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 19 May. 2021, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/production-of-yoghurt-using-african-yam-bean-ayb-sphenosty-list-stenocarpaharms-7-2. Accessed 14 Nov. 2024.
UKA, EKE. "Production of Yoghurt Using African Yam Bean (Ayb) Sphenosty list Stenocarpaharms)". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 19 May. 2021. Web. 14 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/production-of-yoghurt-using-african-yam-bean-ayb-sphenosty-list-stenocarpaharms-7-2 >.
UKA, EKE. "Production of Yoghurt Using African Yam Bean (Ayb) Sphenosty list Stenocarpaharms)" Mouau.afribary.org (2021). Accessed 14 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/production-of-yoghurt-using-african-yam-bean-ayb-sphenosty-list-stenocarpaharms-7-2