ABSTRACT
The present study aimed at the comparative bacteriological analysis of borehole water and stream water in three communities within umudike for human consumption. Comparative bacteriological analysis of borehole and stream water sources in three randomly selected communities namely: Olokoro, Ibere and Umuariaga conducted to examine their quality and fitness for human consumption. A total of twelve water samples were collected from sic randomly selected boreholes and streams from the stipulated study area were analyzed using standard analytical techniques and instruments. The most probable number technique and the plating out on culture media were used for the analysis. For the most probable number technique, bottles of sterile MacConkey broth (purple) containing inverted durham tubes fot the collection of gases which were added before sterilization of the broth was done. The tubes were incubated at 37oC for 24 hours. There was color change and durham tubes in the bottles trapped gases in both water samples examined but the stream water in Umuariaga and the two streams in Ibere was discovered to more contaminated having 12, 18 and 12 coliforms respectively as compared to the boreholes in same communities having 7, 3 and 5 coliforms respectively. The stream water and borehole in Olokoro and Umuariaga were within the acceptable standard of world health organization. The microbial count (CFU/ml-1) indicated that the microbial load of stream water sample is higher compared with borehole water samples. The heterotrophic plate count of the borehole range from 2.0 X10-5 to 5.5 X 10-4 while the stream range from 3.4 X 10 -5 to 7.4 X10 -4 respectively. The total coliform plate count ranges from 2.3 X10 -5 to 5.5 X10 -4 on the borehole water while the stream water ranges from 2.9X10-5 to 6.5 X10 -4 respectively. Total Staphylococcal plate count ranges from 1.9 X10 -5 to 5.0 X10 -4 on the borehole water and stream water 1.9 X10-5 to 5.1 X10-4 respectively. Salmonella Shigella was counted evenly on the stream water sample than 1.1 X 10-5 to 4.2 X10-4 and also the stream water sample has 1.6 X 10-5 to 6.3 X10-4 respectively. The bacterial distribution of the isolates showed that Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella specie and Micrococcus specie was isolated from the boreholes from the three communites while in the streams, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella specie, Micrococcus specie and Shigella specie was isolated. Comparing both water sources shows that the stream water from the three communities was more grossly polluted and unfit for human consumption. The research study was done to comparatively evaluate the borehole and stream water within umudike for human consumption.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Title Page i
Certification page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgments iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vi
Abstract vii
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction 1
1.2 Aims and Objectives 3
Chapter Two
2.0 Literature review 4
2.1 Sources of Water 4
2.1.0 Atmospheric Water 4
2.1.1 Surface Water 5
2.1.2 Ground Water 5
2.2 Importance of water to man and other organisms 6
2.3 Water Pollution and its Control 6
2.4 Water Quality Assessment 9
2.4.0 Physical Quality of Water 11
2.4.1 Microbiological Quality of Water 12
2.5 Borehole water and other two sources of water for human consumption 14
Chapter Three
3.0 Materials and Methods 16
3.1 Study Area 16
3.1.1 Sampling Strategy 16
3.1.2 Sample Collection 17
3.1.3 Bacteriological Analysis 18
3.1.4 Media Preparation 18
3.1.5 Sterilization of Glass wares 18
3.2 Isolation of Bacteria from Borehole and Stream Water Samples 18
3.2.1 Identification of Bacterial Isolates from Borehole and Stream Water Samples 19
3.2.2 Biochemical Tests 19
3.2.3 Most Probable Number (MPN) Test 22
3.3 Comparison between Bacterial Isolates from Borehole Water and Stream Water Sample
3.4 Comparison between the Result Generated and the WHO Standard for Drinking Water Quality
Chapter Four
4.0 Results 24
4.1 Results Showing the Bacterial Count Isolated from Borehole and Stream Water
Samples 24
4.2 Results Showing the Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Isolates from
Borehole and Stream Water Samples. 27
4.3 Results Showing the Distribution of Bacteria Isolated from Borehole and Stream Water
Samples 29
4.4 Results Showing the Most Probable Number Tests for the Occurrence of the Presumptive
Coliforms in the Borehole and Stream Water Samples in Comparison with the WHO
Standard for Drinking Water Quality 32
Chapter Five
5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation 35
5.0 Discussion 35
5.1 Conclusion 36
5.2 Recommendation 36
References 38
ELIZABETH, M (2020). Comparative Bacteriological Analysis Of Borehole Water And Stream Water In Three Communities In Umudike For Human Consumption. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 10, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/comparative-bacteriological-analysis-of-borehole-water-and-stream-water-in-three-communities-in-umudike-for-human-consumption
MOUAU/MCB/14/22231, ELIZABETH. "Comparative Bacteriological Analysis Of Borehole Water And Stream Water In Three Communities In Umudike For Human Consumption" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 15 May. 2020, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/comparative-bacteriological-analysis-of-borehole-water-and-stream-water-in-three-communities-in-umudike-for-human-consumption. Accessed 10 Nov. 2024.
MOUAU/MCB/14/22231, ELIZABETH. "Comparative Bacteriological Analysis Of Borehole Water And Stream Water In Three Communities In Umudike For Human Consumption". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 15 May. 2020. Web. 10 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/comparative-bacteriological-analysis-of-borehole-water-and-stream-water-in-three-communities-in-umudike-for-human-consumption >.
MOUAU/MCB/14/22231, ELIZABETH. "Comparative Bacteriological Analysis Of Borehole Water And Stream Water In Three Communities In Umudike For Human Consumption" Mouau.afribary.org (2020). Accessed 10 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/comparative-bacteriological-analysis-of-borehole-water-and-stream-water-in-three-communities-in-umudike-for-human-consumption