ABSTRACT

This research work was aimed at investigating the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of ethanol and water extract of leaf and seed of C. papaya. The ethanol extract of the plant parts generated  more phytochemical constituents than the aqueous extract. The four test organisms were obtained from already made stock culture plate. The inoculation was done using streak plate method. The extract of C. papaya parts recorded various degrees of antimicrobial efficacy against the test organisms using ethanol and water as extraction solvents. The highest in-vitro antimicrobial activity was observed by the ethanol leaf extract (16.5 mm) on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa at 200 mg/ml respectively. C. albican recorded the lowest zone of inhibition (13.0 mm). The leaf water extract recorded the highest potency on S. aureus and E. coli at 200mg/ml. the result of the seeds ethanol extract did not record any activity against S. aureus and E.coli (00 mg) while P.aeruginosa and C. albican recorded (12 mm and 15mm ) respectively. The same result was obtained on seed water extract on the test organisms. The result of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of water and ethanol extract on the seed and leaf showed various degrees of inhibition. The results from this research work has shown that the ethanol water extract of the seed and leaf of C. papaya particularly the leaf have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, hence, can serve as a good antimicrobial agent against test the organisms. The results obtained were discussed in line with current research.

Table of contents

Title page i

Certification ii

Dedication iii 

Acknowledgements iv

Abstract v

Table of contents vi

List of Tables viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Aims and objectives 4

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review 5

2.1 Historical background of medicinal plant 5

2.2 Plant with their medicinal uses 6

2.3 Growth morphology and habitat of carica papaya 7

2.4 Indigenous uses and chemical properties of carica papaya 8

2.5 Active chemical constituent of medicine action of plant 11

2.6 Growth, morphology and habitat of carica papaya 14

2.7 Biology and pathogenicity of test organisms 14 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and methods 18

3.1 Materials 18

3.2 Methods 18

 3.3 Sterilization practices 18

3.4 Collection of plant materials 19

3.5 Preparation of extracts 19

3.6 Preparation of ethanolic leaf extract of c. Papaya 19

3.7 Aqueous extract preparation 20

3.8 Preparation of different concentration of extract 20

3.9 Preparation of paper disc 20

3.1.1 Determination of the asorptive capacity of the disc 21

3.1.2 Media preparation 21

3.3.3 Determination of antimicrobial activity 22 

3.3.4 Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration 22

3.3.5 Phytochemical analysis 23

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Results 25

4.1 Effect of percentage yield of plant extract 25

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion 38

5.1 Conclusion 39 

5.2 Recommendation 39 

References 

List of tables

Table Title Pages

1. Percentage yield of the crude extract of C. Papaya (seeds and leaves) 29

2. Phytochemical analysis of seed extract of C. Papaya in 95% ethanol 

and water 30

3. Phytochemical analysis of leaves extract of C. papaya in 90% ethanol 

and water 31

4. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol leaves extract on test

Organisms of C. papaya 32 

5. Antimicrobial activity of leaves water extract of C.papaya 33

6. Antimicrobial Activity of seed ethanol extract on test organisms 34

7. Antimicrobial Activity of seeds water extract on the test organisms 31

8. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of leaves extract of 

C. papaya against the test organism 32

9. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of seeds extract of 

C. papaya against test organism 33