ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME LIQUID HERBS SOLD IN UMUAHIA METROPLIS

MOUAU/11/20027 | 50 pages (8527 words) | Projects

ABSTRACT

Liquid herbal medicinal products are crude preparations of various kinds of medicinal plants involving leaves, roots, flowers and seeds. Ten liquid herbal medicinal products sold in Umuahia were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. They were first screened for pathogenic bacteria using streaking on Chocolate agar, MacConkey agar and Nutrient agar to identify the isolates. Gram staining procedure and biochemical tests were also carried out. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) test was carried out to identify the antimicrobial activity of the liquid herbal products. The MIC and MBC for all the four herbal drugs against E.coli were 12.5% and 25%, 3.125% and 6.25%, 25% and 50%, 6.25% and 12.5% respectively for the products 1,2,4 and 7. The results for the other isolates, Klebsiella spp, S.aureus and Proteus spp for all the drugs were within the same range. Herbal medicinal products could be a good alternative to conventional drugs when standardized by clinical trials



TABLE OF CONTENT

CERTIFICATION ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDMENT iv

TABLE OF CONTENT v

LIST OFTABLES viii

ABSTRACT ix

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction                                                                                      1    

1.1     Aim and Objective                                                                                    2     

                                                                                                             

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      Literature review

2.1    Origin of Liquid Herbal Medicines                                                         

2.2      Mechanism of Action of Herbal Drug Interaction                                    4

2.2.1 Pharmacokinetic Interaction                                                                4

2.3 Phamacognosy 5

2.4 Pharmacodynamic Interactions                                                               

2.5 Botanical Medicine Chemistry (Phytochemistry)                                    6    

2.6 Some Anti-Nutritional Factors Present In Phytomedicines 6

2.6.1 Tannins                                                                                                  6

2.6.2 Oxalates                                                                                                  7

2.6.3 Alkaloids                                                                                                                    7

2.6.4 Anthocyanins 7

2.7 Potential Risks of Phytomedicine on Health 8

2.8 Benefits of Phytomedicines (Liquid Herbal Medicines)             8      

2.9 Herbal Drugs and its Toxicity                                                                9  

2.10 Quality Control and Standardization of Herbal Medicines  11

2.11 Regulation of Herbal Drugs; Awareness and Control 13


CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and Methods          14

3.1 Sample Collection                                                                                  14   

3.1.2 Media Used                                                                                        14

3.1.3 Sterility                                                                                                14

3.1.4 Sample Preparation                                                                            15

3.2 Methods                                                                                              15 

3.2.1 Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria in Liquid Herbal Drugs             15

3.2.2 Characterisation of Microorganism                                                    15

3.2.3 Catalase Test                                                                                      16                                                 

3.2.4 Coagulase Test                                                                                    16   

3.2.5 Citrate Test                                                                                          16  

3.2.6 Motility 17

3.2.7 Triple Sugar Iron test                                                                          17

3.2.8 Oxidase Test                                                                                        18         

3.3 Minimum Inhibitory Concentration                                                      18

3.4 Minimum Bactericidal Concentration                                                    18                         

3.5 Assay for Antibacterial Action                                                              19 


CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Results    20          


CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion                                                                                                31

5.1 Conclusion                                                                                              32 

5.2 Recommendation                                                                                    32

Reference


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APA

MOUAU/11/20027, M (2020). ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME LIQUID HERBS SOLD IN UMUAHIA METROPLIS. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 24, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antimicrobial-activity-of-some-liquid-herbs-sold-in-umuahia-metroplis

MLA 8th

MOUAU/11/20027, MOUAU/11/20027. "ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME LIQUID HERBS SOLD IN UMUAHIA METROPLIS" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 04 May. 2020, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antimicrobial-activity-of-some-liquid-herbs-sold-in-umuahia-metroplis. Accessed 24 Nov. 2024.

MLA7

MOUAU/11/20027, MOUAU/11/20027. "ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME LIQUID HERBS SOLD IN UMUAHIA METROPLIS". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 04 May. 2020. Web. 24 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antimicrobial-activity-of-some-liquid-herbs-sold-in-umuahia-metroplis >.

Chicago

MOUAU/11/20027, MOUAU/11/20027. "ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME LIQUID HERBS SOLD IN UMUAHIA METROPLIS" Mouau.afribary.org (2020). Accessed 24 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antimicrobial-activity-of-some-liquid-herbs-sold-in-umuahia-metroplis

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