ABSTRACT
The study was conducted with the aim of isolating Samonella from different brands and types of poultry feeds sold in Umuahia and testing its sensitivity with extracts of Emilia sonchiofolia. The extracts used were Water, Ethanol and Methanol. The various feed samples were analyzed by culturing on Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA) and series of biochemical tests were carried out to confirm the identity of the test organism (Salmonella). Total Viable Count (TVC) of all the samples were counted separately on nutrient agar. The Total Viable Counts was low in the starter feeds with the mean value of 60.95x105cfu/g while grower and layer feeds had the highest counts of 75.87x105cfu/g and 78.78x105cfu/g respectively. Salmonella had the highest frequency in layer feed. The antibacterial activity of the extracts of E.sonchiofolia on Salmonella isolates from poultry feeds shows significant variation (p<0.05) in the activity of different solvent extracts of E.sonchiofolia. The ethanolic extract of the plant had more significant inhibitory effect ranging from16.00mm to 16.33mm in the grower feed, while the starter feed ranged from 14.33mm to 15.00mm. The effect of the standard antibiotics (chloramphenicol) on the isolates ranged from 21.33mm to 21.67mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of E. sonchiofolia on Salmonella was observed in Amo grower feed with 13.7mm in the ethanol extract of grower feed. Both extracts has broad spectrum antibacterial activity and can serve as natural therapeutic agent against Salmonella. The wide spread occurrence of Salmonella in poultry feeds reinforces the need for effective control measures, hygiene in processing and handling of feeds.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title i
Certification ii
Dedication .iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of content v-vii
List of tables viii
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0. Introduction 1-3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0. Literature review 4
2.1. Historical background of medicinal plant 4-5
2.2. Plants with their medicinal used 5
2.3. Antibacterial phytochemicals found in Emilia sonchiofolia 5-9
2.4. Plant authentication 10
2.5. Medicinal value of Emilia sonchiofolia 11
2.6. The test organism 11
2.6.1 Taxonomy 11
2.6.2 Disease 12
2.6.3 Antibacterial resistance 12-13
2.6.4 Salmonella in poultry 13
2.6.5 Host specificity 13
2.6.6 Salmonella viability in feed 14
2.6.7 Dissemination of Salmonella 14-15
2.6.8 Capability of modification 15
2.6.9 Factors responsible for transfer of Salmonella contamination 16-17
2.6.10 Salmonella control measures in animal feed 18-20
CHAPTER THREE
3.0. Materials and methods 21
3.1. Source of materials 21
3.2. Samples preparation 21
3.3. Preparation of sample extracts 22
3.4. Media preparation 22
3.5. Isolation of Salmonella from poultry feed 23
3.6. Confirmation of the identity of Salmonella isolates 24
3.7. Determination of microbial load 24
3.8. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) 25
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0. Results 26-39
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0. Discussion 39-41
5.1. Conclusion 41
5.2. Recommendation 41
REFERENCE
DAVID, D (2020). Antibacterial Effect Of Emilia Sonchiofolia On Salmonella Isolated From Poultry Feeds Sold In Umuahia. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 14, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antibacterial-effect-of-emilia-sonchiofolia-on-salmonella-isolated-from-poultry-feeds-sold-in-umuahia
DAVID, DAVID. "Antibacterial Effect Of Emilia Sonchiofolia On Salmonella Isolated From Poultry Feeds Sold In Umuahia" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 09 Jun. 2020, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antibacterial-effect-of-emilia-sonchiofolia-on-salmonella-isolated-from-poultry-feeds-sold-in-umuahia. Accessed 14 Nov. 2024.
DAVID, DAVID. "Antibacterial Effect Of Emilia Sonchiofolia On Salmonella Isolated From Poultry Feeds Sold In Umuahia". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 09 Jun. 2020. Web. 14 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antibacterial-effect-of-emilia-sonchiofolia-on-salmonella-isolated-from-poultry-feeds-sold-in-umuahia >.
DAVID, DAVID. "Antibacterial Effect Of Emilia Sonchiofolia On Salmonella Isolated From Poultry Feeds Sold In Umuahia" Mouau.afribary.org (2020). Accessed 14 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antibacterial-effect-of-emilia-sonchiofolia-on-salmonella-isolated-from-poultry-feeds-sold-in-umuahia