Phytochemicals, Minerals And Heavy Metals Evaluation Of Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacq) P.Kum Fruit-Bodies Cultivated On Three Straw Substrates

ABSTRACT

The work involved the investigation of the effect of different substrates on the phytochemical, heavy metals and minerals var florida. The highest gross of heavy metals fruit bodies was obtained from the substrate Andropogon gayanus (351.75±0.30), followed by Pennisetum straw (342.41±0.20), while the least was found in Pannicum maximum (338.05±0.01). Similarly, the fruit bodies of substrates Andropogon gayanus weighed more than those from other substrates for both fresh and dry weight. Based on the phytochemical composition, Tannins was found to be highest (0.73±0.02) in mushroom harvested from A.gayanus followed by Pennisetum straw (0.66±0.02) while fruit-bodies harvested from P. maximum gave the lowest (0.55±0.03) phytochemical composition. Based on the mineral composition, result showed that all the fruit bodies obtained from A. gayanus substrates contained appreciable amount of calcium (1.60±0.30), potassium (2.45±0.10), magnesium (31.25±0.04), and sodium (2.30±0.30). Similarly fruit body obtained from P. ostreatus had highest (74.37±0.30) concentration of Phosphorus while significant difference in the amount of Sulphur containing fruit bodies harvesting in all substrates at p<0.05.  However, the lowest (0.70±0.10) Calcium composition was recorded in mushroom harvested from P. purpureum. Likewise P.maximum  which gave the lowest of Sodium (1.60±0.20) and free Nitrogen (1.80±0.20). The result of the investigations was discussed in line of the best substrates for maximum production of Pleurotus ostreatus fruit-bodies with better qualities. The investigation concluded that growing Pluerotus ostreatus on A. gayanus  straw produced the highest fruit-bodies among other substrates which will help in the wide production of mushroom for market value. In general, Pleurotus ostreatus contains nutritional properties Also, the result from the investigation revealed that A.gayanus, Pannicum maximum, and Pennisetum straw could be vital in production of P.ostreatus from fruit bodies with A. gayanus supporting the highest P.ostreatus fruit-body production.People should incorporate the habit of eating mushrooms because of their high nutritional values. 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page ﾿ i

Declaration ﾿ ii

Certification ﾿ iii

Dedication ﾿ iv

Acknowledgement ﾿ v

Table of content ﾿ vi

List of Tables ﾿ ix

Abstract ﾿ x

CHAPTER ONE ﾿ 1

INTRODUCTION ﾿ 1

1.1 Background of Study ﾿ 1

1.1.1 What are Mushrooms ﾿ 1

1.1.2 The Genus Pleurotus ﾿ 3

1.1.3 Importance of Mushrooms ﾿ 4

1.1.3.1 ﾿ Mushroom as Food ﾿ 4

1.1.3.2 Nutrients in Mushrooms ﾿ 5

1.1.3.3 ﾿ Vitamins ﾿ 7

1.1.3.4 Minerals ﾿ 7

1.1.3.5 Mushroom are Sources of selenium ﾿ 7

1.1.3.6 Ergothioneine ﾿ 7

1.1.4 Therapeutic benefits of Mushroom ﾿ 7

1.1.5 Justification ﾿ 8

1.1.6 ﾿ Aims and Objectives ﾿ 9

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW ﾿ 10

2.1 ﾿ Mycochemical Contents of Mushrooms ﾿ 11

CHAPTER THREE ﾿

MATERIALS AND METHODS ﾿ 14

3.1 ﾿ Source of Mother Culture (SPAWN) ﾿ 14

3.2 ﾿ Location of Study ﾿ 14

3.3 ﾿ Experimental Design ﾿ 14

3.4 ﾿ Spawn Multiplication ﾿ 14

3.5 ﾿ Substrate Preparation ﾿ 15

3.6 ﾿ Spawn Inoculation ﾿ 15

3.7 ﾿ Sample Preparation ﾿ 16

3.8 ﾿ Determination of Heavy Metals ﾿ 16

3.9 ﾿ Determination Of Mineral Content Of The Mushroom ﾿ 17

3.10 ﾿ Determination Bioactive Compounds In The Mushroom Fruit Bodies ﾿ 17

3.10.1 ﾿ Determination of alkaloids ﾿ 17

3.10.2 ﾿ Determination of flavonoids ﾿ 17

3.10.3 ﾿ Determination of phenols content ﾿ 18

3.10.4 ﾿ Determination of Saponins ﾿ 19

3.10.5   Determination of tannins ﾿ 19

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ﾿ 20

4.1 ﾿ Results ﾿ 20

4.2. ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 23

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ﾿ 25

5.1 Conclusion ﾿ 25

5.2 Recommendation ﾿ 25

      References ﾿ 27

      Appendix  I ﾿ 32

      Appendix II ﾿ 36