Effects Of Extraction Solvents On The Bioactive Components And Antimicrobial Activities Of Two Varieties Of Garcina Kola (Heckel):- Alozie, Chiamaka Vivian

ABSTRACT

The aim ofthis study is to compare the effectiveness ofthe extracts obtained using the different solvents - water, acetone, methanol and ethanol on the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of Garcinia kola. Four bacteria (4) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The phytochemical analysis of each of the extracts indicated the presence of tannin, saponin, flavonoid, HCN, alkaloid, carotenoid, , anthocyanin and phenol. The extracts exhibited significant inhibitory action against 5. aureus, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa and E. coll. The result revealed that methanol extract exerted the highest significant activities (P> 0.05) against all the tested organisms at the various treatment regimes with S. aureus having a wider zone of inhibition followed by E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi with the lowest inhibitory zones. The MIC of the methanol extract against the organisms was 12.5, 12.5, 25 and 50mg/ml respectively. The aqueous extract showed the least significant activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi with MICs of 25, 25, 25 and 50mg/ml respectively. The extracts of Garcinia kola have antibacterial activity hence validating the folkloric claims and application of the .decoction of G. kola in the management of some bacterial infections especially by traditionalists and herbalists in Nigeria