ABSTRACT

Bean has always been a stable food source for most household and major source of protein, helping to reduce the burden of providing a healthy diet. Callosobruchus maculatus is a major pest that attacks this crop and reduces it quality. The study investigated the effectiveness ofthree Edible Plant Product Powders (EPPP), Piper guineense, Aframomum melegueta, Xylopia aethiopica in the control of Callosobruchus maculatus on unguiculata(L) Walp). The three EPPP were applied at the rate of 2g, 4g, 6g, and 8g, respectively. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) setup and replicated four times. The botanicals were introduced into 50g of beans and thoroughly mixed together manually, 20 adults of Callosobruchus maculatus were introduced into each vials including the control. The mortality counts were recorded at at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours post treatment. The results showed that each ofthe plant powders caused a significant high mortality in the adult weevils; it was observed that Piper guineense had the highest mortality of 228, followed by Xylopia aethiopica at 216, Aframomum melegueta had the lowest mortality of 156. No mortality was recorded in the control. The three Plant Product Powders (EPPP) have biopesticide properties and are economically and environmentally friendly, with no adverse effect. The findings from this study showed that Piper guineense, Aframomum melegueta, Xylopia aethiopica are good protectants and can be used to protect bean seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus during storage.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Certification ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of content v

List ofTables viii

List ofplate ix

List offigures x

Abstract xi

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction and literature review 1

1.2 Introduction 1

1.2 Statement ofproblem 2

1.3 Justification 2

1.4 Aims and objective ofthe study 3

1.5 Literature review 4

1.5.1 Taxonomy and origin 4

1.5.2 Description and morphology 4

5 1.5.3 Beans production

1.6.1 Biology ofCallosobruchus maculatus 5

1.6.2 Life Cycle ofCallosobruchus maculatus 7

1.6.3 Habitat ofCallosobruchus maculatus 9

1.6.4 Economic importance ofCallosobruchus maculatus 9

1.6.5 Control Measure against Callosobruchus maculatus 9

1,7.1 Morphology and Description ofXylopia aethiopica 10

1.7.2 Composition ofXylopia aethiopica 11

1.7.3 Uses ofXylopia aethiopica 11

1.7.4 Bioactivity ofXylopia aethiopica 12

1.8.1 Morphology and description Piper guineense 13

1.8.2 Composition ofPiper guineense 13

1.8.3 Uses ofPiper guineense 13

1.8.4 Bioactivity ofPiper guineense 14

1.9.1 Morphology and description ofAJramomum melegueta 16

1.9.2 Composition ofAframomum melegueta 17

1.9.3 Uses ofAframomum melegueta 17

1.9.4 Bioactivitids ofAframomum melegueta 18

CHAPTER TWO

Materials and Method 20

2.1 Study Area 20

2.2 Insect Culture 20

2.3 Beans seeds used for the experiment 20

2.4 Collection and preparation ofplant materials 20

2.5 Testing for the efficacy ofthe botanical dust (powders) 21

2.6 Statistical Analysis 21

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Results 22

3.1 Mean mortality of C. maculatus in Piper guineense 22

3.2 Mean mortality ofC. maculatus inXylopia aethiopica 24

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3.3 Mean mortality of C. maculatus in Aframomum melegueta 26

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CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Discussion 28

4.2 Mortality rates of C. maculatus with Piper guineense 28

4.3 Mortality rates of C. maculatus wrthJfylopia aethiopica 28

4.4 Mortality rates of C. maculatus with Aframomum melegueta 28

!：• 4.5 Conclusion 29

4.6 Recommendations 30

References

APPENDIX

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: Mean mortality ofC. maculatus treated with Piper guineense.

Table 3.2: Mean mortality of C. maculatus treated v/ilhXylopia aethiopica.

Table 3.3: Mean mortality of C. maculatus treated with Aframomum melegueta.

VIII

LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1: Insect culture

Plate 2: Weighing ofthe bean seed

Plate 3: Experimental set up

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ix

LIST OF FIGURES

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Figure 1.1 Diagram of a male and female bean weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus)

Figure 1.2 Life cycle ofCallosobruchus maculatus