ABSTRACT

Studies were carried out on bacterial species associated with dental caries. A total of 5 bacterial species were isolated. The isolates include Staphylococcus aureus (4), Streptococcus species (6), Proteus species (3), Escherichia coli (4) and Bacillus subtilis (1) respectively. Streptococcus species  had the highest number of bacteria isolates (37.5%) while the lowest bacteria strains isolate were recorded with  Bacillus subtilis (6.3%) respectively. The Levofloxacin show high level of susceptibility with 12(16.0%), follow by ciprofloxacin with 11(14.7%), Gentamycin and Rifampicin found to have 10(13.3%) while the list found with Chloramphenicol at 1(1.3%).  The chloramphenicol found to be highest resistant with 11(25.5%), follow by Norfloxacin 10(23.3%) while the list recorded with Ciprofloxacin,  Rifampicin and Levofloxacin with 1(2.3%) respectively. The present study reveals that Streptococcus species are major bacteria causes of tooth decay.  Regular teeth brushing and use of  mouth wash helps to avoid teeth decay. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Declaration                                                                                                  ii

Certification iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgement v

Table of contents vi

List of tables vii

Abstract viii

CHAPTER 1:  INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 Background of the study 2

1.1 Aim of the study 3 

1.2 Objective of the Study 4

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Background to dental infection 4

2.2 Dental Decay Process 5

2.3 Composition of the Human teeth 5

2.3.1 Enamel 5

2.3.2 Dentin 6

2.3.3 Cementum 7

2.3.4 Pulp 7

2.4 Dental Plaque and Dental Pellicle 8

2.4.1 Dental Plaque 8

2.4.2 Dental Pellicle 8

2.4.3 Dental Plaque Formation 8

2.4.4 Dental Pellicle Formation 9

2.4.5 Process of Dental Caries formation 9

2.4.6 Remineralization/Tooth Repairs 10

2.5 Role of saliva in dental caries 10

2.5.1 Role of fermentable sugar and carbohydrates 11

2.5.2 Cariogenic potential 11 

2.5.3 Oral Hygiene and Dental Caries 12

2.5.4 Gender differences in dental caries 12

2.6 Pathogenesis 13

2.6.1 Clinical Manifestation 13

2.6.2 Microbiologic Diagnosis 13

2.6.3 Prevention and Treatment 15

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and Methods

3.1 Sources of Material 16

3.2 Sample Collection 16

3.3 Laboratory Analysis 16

3.3.1 Preparation of culture media 16

3.3.2 Culturing of Bacteria 16

3.3.3 Identification of Isolates 16

3.3.4 Isolation of Bacteria 17

3.3.5 Biochemical tests 17

3.3.6 Antibiotic susceptibility test 27

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Results and findings 29

CHAPTER FIVE 

5.0 Disscussions, conclusion and Recommendations 36

5.1 Conclusion 37

5.2 Recommendation 37

5.3 References 41