ABSTRACT
The
biochemical and histological effects of Annona muricta leaf ethanol and water
extracts in melamine-induced nephrotoxicity were evaluated in male albino rats
aged 8- 10 weeks. Fifty six (56) albino rats were randomly selected into Groups
A to G (n=8). Group A (vehicle control) received 7ml/kg b.w of 10% tween 80,
Groups B to G were administered lOOOmg/kg b.w of melamine for 10 days. After 10
days, Group C was administered 1 OOmg/kg b.w standard reference drug
allopurinol. Groups D and E were treated with 300 and 5OOmg/kg b.w of ethanol
extracts respectively, while Group F and G were treated with 300 and 500mg/kg
b.w ofwater extracts. Four animals in Groups C to G were sacrificed on day 15
and the remaining four were sacrified on day 22. The analysis of phytochemical
constituents, acute toxicity test, serum non protein nitrogenous substances,
serum electrolytes, and renal biopsy were done using standard procedures.
Phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract gave higher yield of flavonoids
(120mg/g), alkaloids (90mg/g), tannin (1.36mg/g), reducing sugar (0.0248mg/g),
and oxalate (0.77mg/g) while that of water extract yielded more of Saponin
(7.90mg/g), Cyanogenic glycoside (1.73mg/g), and phytate (1.34mg/g). The oral
acute toxicity test gave zero mortality at up to 5000mg/kg b.w for both ethanol
and water extracts. Treatment with 3OOmg/kg b.w ethanol extracts caused a
significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum creatinine, urea, calcium and
magnesium while treatment with water extracts at 3OOmg/kg b.w resulted in
significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum creatinine and urea when compared to
nephrotoxic group that received melamine only. Both ethanol and water extracts
at 500mg/kg b.w only resulted in significant (P<0.05) decrease in creatinine
when compared to nephrotoxic group that received melamine only. The histology
of the kidneys of albino rats administered lOOOmg/kgbw melamine only without
treatment resulted in persistent dilation ofrenal tubule typical of occluded
crystal deposition. Administration of 5OOmg/kg b.w of ethanol and water
extracts to melamine-induced nephrotoxic rats resulted in persistent dilation
of renal tubule coupled with many collapsed vessels of the glomeruli while
treatment with 3OOmg/kg b.w of ethanol and water extracts were characterized by
moderate tubular dilation, increased secretions in the tubules and few
collapsed vessels of the glomeruli. The findings from this study suggest that
renal impairment caused by melamine could be ameliorated at low dose of leaf
extract of Annona muricata. Hence the leaf could be effective in the management
ofrenal impairment.
ADEKUNLE, A (2024). Some Biochemical And Histological Effects Of Annona Muricata Linn Leaf Extracts In Melamineinduced Nephrotoxicity In Male Albino Rats:- Ajayi Adekunle A.. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Dec 23, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/some-biochemical-and-histological-effects-of-annona-muricata-linn-leaf-extracts-in-melamineinduced-nephrotoxicity-in-male-albino-rats-ajayi-adekunle-a-7-2
ADEBO, ADEKUNLE. "Some Biochemical And Histological Effects Of Annona Muricata Linn Leaf Extracts In Melamineinduced Nephrotoxicity In Male Albino Rats:- Ajayi Adekunle A." Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 08 Apr. 2024, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/some-biochemical-and-histological-effects-of-annona-muricata-linn-leaf-extracts-in-melamineinduced-nephrotoxicity-in-male-albino-rats-ajayi-adekunle-a-7-2. Accessed 23 Dec. 2024.
ADEBO, ADEKUNLE. "Some Biochemical And Histological Effects Of Annona Muricata Linn Leaf Extracts In Melamineinduced Nephrotoxicity In Male Albino Rats:- Ajayi Adekunle A.". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 08 Apr. 2024. Web. 23 Dec. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/some-biochemical-and-histological-effects-of-annona-muricata-linn-leaf-extracts-in-melamineinduced-nephrotoxicity-in-male-albino-rats-ajayi-adekunle-a-7-2 >.
ADEBO, ADEKUNLE. "Some Biochemical And Histological Effects Of Annona Muricata Linn Leaf Extracts In Melamineinduced Nephrotoxicity In Male Albino Rats:- Ajayi Adekunle A." Mouau.afribary.org (2024). Accessed 23 Dec. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/some-biochemical-and-histological-effects-of-annona-muricata-linn-leaf-extracts-in-melamineinduced-nephrotoxicity-in-male-albino-rats-ajayi-adekunle-a-7-2