ABSTRACT
Antibiotic production is a feature of several kinds of soil bacteria and fungi and may represent a survival mechanism where microorganisms can eliminate competition and colonize a niche. Soil samples were collected from 4 different mechanic workshops in Umuahia for the isolation and screening of microorganisms for antibiotic production. The media used for the isolation were Tryptone Soy agar, Sabouraud Dextrose agar and Nutrient agar. Sensitivity testing using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Samonella typhi, and Enterococcus feacalis as test organisms was employed to determine the ability of bacterial and fungal isolates to produce antimicrobial substance. Six out of 38 isolates obtained from the soil samples possessed antimicrobial activity against at least three of the test organisms. The six isolates included Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus spp. Micrococcus spp. Sphingomonas spp. Aspergillus spp. and Acremonium chrysogenium. Of all the isolates, Bacillus spp. and Bacillus subtilis showed the greatest antimicrobial activity. Bacillus spp. inhibited Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus with zones of inhibition 12mm, 10mm, 12mm, respectively and Bacillus subtilis inhibited Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus with zones of inhibition 13mm, 10mm, and 9mm. The extracellular substances produced by Bacillus spp, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus spp, Sphingomonas spp, Acremonium chrysogenium and Aspergillus spp which inhibited the growth of some test organisms can be used to produce potent antibiotics if harnessed and purified as those of commercially available antibiotics.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 Aims and Objectives 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Soil 4
2.1.1 The Soil of Mechanic Workshop 5
2.2.2 Soil Bacteria 6
2.2 Antibiotics 6
2.3 Antibiotic Producing Organism 7
2.4 Antibiotic Resistance 8
2.5 Previous Studies on Antibiotic Production 9
2.6 Mechanism of Antibiotics Resistance 10
2.7 The Need for New Antibiotics 11
2.8. Production of Antibiotics 12
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS and METHODS 14
3.1 Sample Collection 14
3.2 Microbiological Methods 14
3.3 Media and Media Preparation 14
3.4 Isolation of Soil Microorganism 14
3.5 Subculturing / Purification of Isolates 15
3.6 Preparation of Inoculum of Test Organism 15
3.7 Screening for Antibacterial Activity 15
3.8 Characterization and Identification of Isolates 16
3.8.1 Gram Staining 16
3.8.2 Biochemical Testing 16
3.8.2.1 Indole Test 16
3.8.2.2 Citrate Utilization Test 16
3.8.2.3 Starch Hydrolysis 17
3.8.2.4 Catalase Test 17
3.8.2.5 Hydrogen Sulfide Production 17
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS 18
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 DISCUSSION 25
5.2 Conclusion 26
5.3 Recommendation 27
References 28
CHIDIEBERE, M (2020). Screening Soil Microorganisms Isolated From Mechanic Workshops In Umuahia For Antibiotic Production. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 14, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/screening-soil-microorganisms-isolated-from-mechanic-workshops-in-umuahia-for-antibiotic-production
MOUAU/12/23213, CHIDIEBERE. "Screening Soil Microorganisms Isolated From Mechanic Workshops In Umuahia For Antibiotic Production" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 04 Jun. 2020, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/screening-soil-microorganisms-isolated-from-mechanic-workshops-in-umuahia-for-antibiotic-production. Accessed 14 Nov. 2024.
MOUAU/12/23213, CHIDIEBERE. "Screening Soil Microorganisms Isolated From Mechanic Workshops In Umuahia For Antibiotic Production". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 04 Jun. 2020. Web. 14 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/screening-soil-microorganisms-isolated-from-mechanic-workshops-in-umuahia-for-antibiotic-production >.
MOUAU/12/23213, CHIDIEBERE. "Screening Soil Microorganisms Isolated From Mechanic Workshops In Umuahia For Antibiotic Production" Mouau.afribary.org (2020). Accessed 14 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/screening-soil-microorganisms-isolated-from-mechanic-workshops-in-umuahia-for-antibiotic-production