ABSTRACT

This study examined the parameters and conduct life cycle cost assessment of a 12 volts lead acid battery. The objectives of the study were to determine and evaluate the cost components associated with the use of batteries, conduct replacement assessment on a 12volt lead acid battery and simulate battery parameters identified using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experiment was carried out using a 12volt lead acid battery with load of 120W and 185W. The data obtained were analyzed in response surface methodology in design expert software to statistically determine the analysis of variance and the regression model equations for each of the battery load. The Life Cycle Cost analysis of the battery was calculated. The result showed that the process parameters had significant effects on the battery attached with different load value. The values of the coefficient of determination (R) 0.9999, elaborated the significance of the regression models generated for the dependent variables. The LCC of the battery showed that the total cost for about 2years is #115,216.346 which can be more beneficial use home used compared to other source of electricity generation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover page

Declaration                                                                                                                              i

Certification                                                                                                                            ii

Dedication                                                                                                                              iii

Acknowledgment                                                                                                                   iv

Table of contents                                                                                                                    v

List of tables                                                                                                                           vii

List of figures                                                                                                                         viii

Abstract                                                                                                                                  ix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of Study                                                                                                1

1.2       Statement of problem                                                                                                2

1.3       Aim and Objectives of Study                                                                                    2

1.4       Scope of the Study                                                                                                    2

1.5       Justification of Study                                                                                                3

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1       Conceptual Theory on Batteries                                                                                 4

2.1.1    Types of battery                                                                                                          4

2.1.2    The Lead Acid Battery                                                                                               5

2.2       Battery Parameters                                                                                                      6

2.2.1    State of Charge (SOC), and Depth of Discharge (DOD)                                          6

2.2.2    State of Health (SOH), and End of Life (EOL)                                                        7

2.2.3    C-rate                                                                                                                          7

2.2.4    Cycle lifetime                                                                                                              8

2.2.5    Specific Power                                                                                                            8

2.2.5    Battery Efficiency                                                                                                      9

2.2.6    Cycle Lifetime                                                                                                            9

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1       Materials                                                                                                                     10

3.2       Methods                                                                                                                      10

3.2.1    Experimental Setup                                                                                                     10

3.3       Governing Equations / Mathematical Considerations                                    11

3.3.1    Life cycle cost model                                                                                                  11

3.3.2    Net Present Value (NPV)                                                                                           12

3.3.1    Capitol Recovery Factor (CRF)                                                                                  13

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1       Result for the battery with 120Watt load                                                                   14

4.1.1    ANOVA result for the energy delivered to the 120W load battery                           15

4.1.2    ANOVA result for the efficiency to the 120W load battery                                     17

4.1.3    ANOVA result for the charge stored in the 120W load battery                                20

4.2       Result for the battery with 185 Watt load                                                                  22

4.2.1    ANOVA result for the energy delivered to the 185W load battery                           23

4.2.2    ANOVA result for the efficiency to the 185W load battery                                     25

4.2.3    ANOVA result for the charge stored in the 120W load battery                                27

4.3       Economic Evaluation                                                                                                  29

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1       Conclusion                                                                                                                   30

5.2       Recommendation                                                                                                        30

REFERENCES

LIST OF TABLES

Tabl4 4.1         Experimental design for the battery with 120Watt Load                               14

Table 4.2:        Analysis of Variance for the energy delivered to the 120W load battery      16

Table 4.3:        Analysis of Variance for the Efficiency to the 120W load battery               18

Table 4.4:        Analysis of Variance for the charge stored in the 120W load battery          20

Tabl4 4.5         Experimental design for the battery with 185Watt Load                               22

Table 4.6:        Analysis of Variance for the energy delivered to the 185W load battery      24

Table 4.7:        Analysis of Variance for the Efficiency to the 185 W load battery               26

Table 4.8:        Analysis of Variance for the charge stored in the 185W load battery           28

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4.1: Effect of the process parameters on the energy delivered to the 120watt load battery                                                                                                                                       17

Figure 4.2: Effect of the process parameters on the efficiency to the 120watt load battery                                                                                                                                                 19

Figure 4.3: Effect of the process parameters on the charge stored in the 120watt load battery                                                                                                                                            21

Figure 4.4: Effect of the process parameters on the energy delivered to the 185 watt load battery                                                                                                                                      25

Figure 4.5: Effect of the process parameters on the efficiency to the 185 watt load battery                                                                                                                                                27

Figure 4.6: Effect of the process parameters on the charge stored in the 185 watt load battery 29