ABSTRACT

The study was on microbial load of greywater from bathroom. The physicochemical properties; pH, temperature, conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and dissolved oxygen values were high. The total heterotrophic plate count ranged from 4.8 x 109 cfu/ml to 8.7 x 109 cfu/ml, total coliform plate count ranged from 3.8 x 109 cfu/ml to 7.1 x 109 cfu/ml, total Salmonella-shigella plate count ranged from 3.0 x 109 cfu/ml to 4.6 x 109 cfu/ml and total fungal plate count ranged from 3.4 x 109 cfu/ml to 5.8 x 109 cfu/ml. the bacteria isolated and their percentage occurrence were E.coli (16.67%), Salmonella spp (16.67%)., Shigella spp(8.33%)., Pseudomonas spp (12.5%)., Bacillus spp. (12.5%), Klebsella spp. (12.7%), Serretia spp (4.16%). and the fungi isolated and its percentage occurrence were Aspergillus niger (36.36%), Rhodotorulla spp (27.28%). and Aspergillus flavus (36.36%). The ANOVA, P<0.05 showed that there was significant difference in the bacteria and fungi mean count among the different grey water samples. The result revealed that the greywater from bathroom were highly contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, therefore adequate hygiene practice should be carried out regularly on the bathroom and precautionary measures should be taken in other not to be infected by the organisms in greywater.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page i

Declaration ii

Certification iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgement v

Table of Content vi

List of Tables x

Abstract xi

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 What is greywater 1

1.2 Sources of greywater 2

1.3 Characteristics and compositions of greywater 2

1.4 What is a bathroom 2

1.4.1 Types of bathroom 3

1.4.2 Items found in a bathroom 4

1.4.3 Activities carried out in the bathroom 4

1.5 Problem statement 4

1.6 Aims and objectives 5

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review 6

2.1 Domestic wastewater 6

2.1.1 Greywater as wastewater 6

2.2 Microorganisms isolated from greywater 7

2.3 Health risk associated with greywater 8

2.4 Environmentally hazardous substances in greywater 8

2.5 Characteristics of greywater 9

2.6 Parameters affecting the characteristics of greywater 9

2.6.1 Chemical parameters 11

2.6.2 Chemical oxygen demand parameters 11

2.6.3 Nutrients in greywater 12

 2.6.4 Ground element in greywater 12

2.6.6 Heavy metals in greywater 12

2.6.7 Xenobiotic organic compounds (xoc) in greywater 13

2.6.8 Physical parameters 13

2.6.9 Bacterial characteristics of greywater 14

2.7 Organisms possibly present in greywater 15

2.8 Bacterial indicator of water 16

2.8.1 Total coliforms 16

2.8.2 Fecal coliform 17

2.8.3 E. coli 18

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and methods 20

3.1 Sample collection and sampling 20

3.2 Isolation, identification and enumeration of microorganisms 20

3.3 Biochemical test 21

3.3.1 Catalase test 21

3.3.2 Oxidase Test 21

3.3.3 Coagulase test 22

3.3.4 Methyl red test 22

3.3.5 Voges-Proskauer test (VP) 22

3.3.6 Citrate test 23

3.3.7 Indole test 23

3.4 Physico–chemical analysis of greywater 23

3.4.1 pH, Electric conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total dissolve 

solid and total suspended solids. 23

3.4.2 Determination of pH 24

3.4.3 Determination of temperature 24

3.4.4 Determination of conductivity 24

3.4.5 Determination of total dissolved solids 24

3.4.6 Determination of total suspended solids 24

3.4.7 Determination of dissolved oxygen 25

3.4.8 Determination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 25

3.5 Statistical analysis 25

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Result 26

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion, conclusion and recommendation 34

5.1 Discussion 38

5.2 Conclusion 38

5.3 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX