ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to isolate and identify Salmonella in feeds, droppings, water and litters in poultry farm in Umudike, Abia State during the period of July to September, 2018. A total of 45 samples were taken from four (4) poultry farms located in Umudike area. The samples includes; poultry feed from feeders (9 samples), droppings (12 samples), litters (12 samples), and drinking water from drinkers (12 samples). Isolation of Salmonella was carried out in differential and selective medium (SSA) after enrichment in Selenite-F-broth. After incubation, colonies were identified by cultural characteristics and biochemical reactions like indole test, hydrogen sulphide production (H2S) test, citrate utilization test and Gram staining techniques. Twenty three  Salmonella spp were isolated (51.1% of the total isolates). Number of samples without growth was found to be 22(48.89%).

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page i

certification ii

dedication iii

acknowledgements                                                                                                                 iv

table of contents                                                                                                                      v

list of tables                                                                                                                            vi 

abstract                                                                                                                                  vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Classification of Salmonella 2

1.2 Aim 3

1.2.1 Objectives 3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review 4

2.1 Salmonella 4

2.2 Cultural Characteristics 4

2.3. Biochemical Characteristics 5

2.3.1 Analytical Profile Index (API) for Enterobacteria 5

2.4 Antigenic Structure 6

2.5 Serological Tests 6

2.6 Pathogenicity of Salmonella  

2.7 Drug Susceptibility 7

.2.8 Incidence of Salmonella in Poultry 8

2.9 Incidence of Salmonella in Animal and Poultry Feeds 9

2.10 Incidence of Salmonella in Man 11

2.11 Control of Salmonella Infection 11

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 13 

3.1Specimen Collection 13

3.2 Media Preparation 13

3.3.1 Inoculation of Specimens 15

3.4Gram Staining                                                                                                                    16

3.41 Biochemical Test                                                                                                            16                                     3.4.2Indole Test                                                                                                                     16

3.4.3 Citrate Utilization Test 16

3.4.4 Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) Production 16

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0Results                                                                                                                               17 

4.1Discussion 22

CHAPTER FIVE  

5.0 Conclusion 24

5.1 Recommendation 24

REFERENCES