ABSTRACT
The food potentials of tiger nut tubers (Cyperus esculentus) locally known as “aki- hausa” in Igbo, “aya” in Hausa and “ofio” in Yoruba were evaluated. The proximate composition of 5g of raw tiger nut yielded 5.90±1.05 of %protein, 37.26±1.78 of %moisture, 20.42±1.00 of % fat, 9.28±0.39 of %fibre, 0.91±0.00 of % ash and 26.23±0.94. After fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarun the proximate composition read thus; %protein increased from 5.90-6.76, % moisture content 37.26-45.26, % fat 20.42- 1.12, % fibre 9.28- 0.26, % ash 0.91- 1.29 and % carbohydrate increased from 26.23-45.31. Physico-chemical analysis was carried out on the yoghurt produced; %pH 6.10, %Specific gravity 1.119, %TTA 0.23, %Total Solid 21.31 and % ethanol nil. Tiger nut was equally fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 11 days. Physico-chemical analysis was carried out within the days of fermentation. Ethanol was extracted and its specific gravity was read. %pH decreased from 6.60-3.45, %TTA increased from 0.21-1.27, % Total solid decreased from 18.20-8.40, % sugar decreased from 20.50-2.15 while % alcohol increased from 0.00-7.28. The specific gravity of the extracted ethanol yielded 0.73%. It can be concluded that ethanol and yoghurt can be produced from tiger nut using Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae through fermentation process. Therefore, it is recommended that further research should be carried out towards the production of yoghurt and ethanol from tiger nuts.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi - viii
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aims 2
CHAPTER TWO 3
2.1 History of tiger nut 3
2.2 Nutritional composition 5
2.3 Anti nutritional properties 5
2.4 Anti microbial properties 6
2.5 Organisms used in tiger nut 7
2.6 Ecology of tiger nuts 8
2.7 Health and nutritional importance 8
2,8 Economic importance 10
2.9 The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 10
2.10 Bioethanol 11
2.11 Lactobacillus plantarum 12
2.12 Yoghurt 13
2.13 Fermentation 14
CHAPTER THREE 19
3.0 Materials and methods 19
3.1 Materials 19
3.2 Methods 19
3.2.1 Sample preparation 19
3.2.2 Preparation of tiger nut milk 20
3.2.3 Production of starter culture 20
3.2.4 Production of tiger nut yoghurt 20
3.2.5 Production of ethanol using tiger nut tubers 21
3.2.6 Determination of pH 21
3.2.7 Determination of titratable acidity 21
3.2.8 Determination of Total Solid/ Moisture content 22
3.2.9 Determination of Specific gravity (Relative density) 22
3.2.10 Determination of sugar content 23
3.2.11 Determination of ethanol content 23
3.2.12 Crude protein content 24
3.2.13 Mineral ash content 25
3.2.14 Crude fat content (soxhlet method) 25
3.2.15 Carbohydrate content 26
3.2.16 Crude fibre content 26
CHAPTER FOUR 27
4.1 Results 27-36
CHAPTER FIVE 37
5.1 Discussion 37
5.2. Conclusion 39
5.3 Recommendations 39
REFERENCE
IHESIENE, U (2021). Fermentation Of Tiger Nut Using Lactobacillus plantarum AND Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 14, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/fermentation-of-tiger-nut-using-lactobacillus-plantarum-and-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-7-2
UZOCHUKWU, IHESIENE. "Fermentation Of Tiger Nut Using Lactobacillus plantarum AND Saccharomyces cerevisiae" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 11 Jan. 2021, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/fermentation-of-tiger-nut-using-lactobacillus-plantarum-and-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-7-2. Accessed 14 Nov. 2024.
UZOCHUKWU, IHESIENE. "Fermentation Of Tiger Nut Using Lactobacillus plantarum AND Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 11 Jan. 2021. Web. 14 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/fermentation-of-tiger-nut-using-lactobacillus-plantarum-and-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-7-2 >.
UZOCHUKWU, IHESIENE. "Fermentation Of Tiger Nut Using Lactobacillus plantarum AND Saccharomyces cerevisiae" Mouau.afribary.org (2021). Accessed 14 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/fermentation-of-tiger-nut-using-lactobacillus-plantarum-and-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-7-2