ABSTRACT
The evaluation
of the physicochemical parameters, biosurfactant production and metagenomic
analysis of hydrocarbon polluted soil in Opuama, Ogini, Oteghele, Transforcados
pipeline and Transforcados right of way sites located at Isoko North, Warri North
and South LGA of Delta State Nigeria, was carried out using standard
microbiological and physicochemical methods. Hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria
(HUB), total heterotrophic bacterial count (THB), physicochemical analysis
including heavy metals, screening and characterization, optimization of
biosurfactant using response surface methodology (RSM) and metagenomic analysis
were all carried out. The DNA of the
microorganisms from the soil samples were extracted using ZymoDNA extraction
kit, amplified and subjected to next generational sequencing (NGS) on Pacbio
SMR sequencing platform. Following NGS, gene calling was performed using freg
gene scan and the resulting metagenome were then functionally annotated onto
two pipelines namely: cluster of orthology group (COG) and Kyoto encyclopedia
of genes and genomes (KEGG) for functional gene analysis. The bacteria screened
and characterized for biosurfactant production were Escherichia coli, Bacillus
subtilis,
Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Providencia stuartii and Burkholderia
pseudomallei.
All of the screened bacteria, Bacillus
subtilis
indicated high level of biosurfactant production and was subsequently subjected
to optimization for biosurfactant production. The emulsification index (E1%)
due to change in temperature and pH on glucose/KN03 is 77.28,
sucrose/KN03 is 59.80 and spent vegetable oil/KN03 is
57.16. The mean value for hydrocarbon
utilizing bacteria and total heterotrophic bacterial count were 1.5×105
cfu/g and 3.76×108 cfu/g for Opuama flow station, 5.8×104
cfu/g and 2.60×108 cfu/g for Ogini flow station, 2.80×105
cfu/g and 2.55×108 cfu/g for Oteghele river spill, 4.2×104
cfu/g and 3.04×108 cfu/g for Transforcados pipeline spill and
1.72×105 cfu/g and 2.75×108 cfu/g for Transfoecados right
of way spill. Oteghele river spill had the highest concentration of crude oil
utilization bacteria 2.80×105 cfu/g followed by Transforcados right
of way spill 1.72×105 cfu/g while Opuama flow station had the
highest concentration of heterotrophic bacteria 3.76×108 cfu/g. The performance
of the pathogen for hemolytic reaction on blood agar, oil spreading on glass
slide, blue plate agar reaction, emulsification index and lypolytic enzyme
reaction indicated that they were significant at (p<0.05). There was
significant difference in the physicochemical parameters at (p<0.05). The
mean values of the pH range from 4.15d±0.1-5.75b±0.1,
electrical conductivity 1179.61e±7.51- 2079.55b±1.45.
Some of the heavy metals were higher in value when compared with the WHO
standard. The structural metagenomics revealed eight top phyla; Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota,
Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Planctomycetota, Firmicutes and Cloroflexi. The functional gene analysis
revealed Carbohydrate metabolism, energy metaboilism, environmental information
processing, degradation genes and various protein classes in the samples as
contained in the KEGG and COG pipelines. Giving the findings of this study
microorganisms found in petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil were able to
produce biosurfactants which helped in biodegradation.
OKEZIE, O (2024). Evaluation Of The Physicochemical Parameters, Biosurfactant Production And Metagenomic Analysis Of Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil:- Okezie, Onyemaechi. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Sep 08, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/evaluation-of-the-physicochemical-parameters-biosurfactant-production-and-metagenomic-analysis-of-hydrocarbon-polluted-soil-okezie-onyemaechi-7-2
OKEZIE, OKEZIE. "Evaluation Of The Physicochemical Parameters, Biosurfactant Production And Metagenomic Analysis Of Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil:- Okezie, Onyemaechi" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 25 Apr. 2024, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/evaluation-of-the-physicochemical-parameters-biosurfactant-production-and-metagenomic-analysis-of-hydrocarbon-polluted-soil-okezie-onyemaechi-7-2. Accessed 08 Sep. 2024.
OKEZIE, OKEZIE. "Evaluation Of The Physicochemical Parameters, Biosurfactant Production And Metagenomic Analysis Of Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil:- Okezie, Onyemaechi". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 25 Apr. 2024. Web. 08 Sep. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/evaluation-of-the-physicochemical-parameters-biosurfactant-production-and-metagenomic-analysis-of-hydrocarbon-polluted-soil-okezie-onyemaechi-7-2 >.
OKEZIE, OKEZIE. "Evaluation Of The Physicochemical Parameters, Biosurfactant Production And Metagenomic Analysis Of Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil:- Okezie, Onyemaechi" Mouau.afribary.org (2024). Accessed 08 Sep. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/evaluation-of-the-physicochemical-parameters-biosurfactant-production-and-metagenomic-analysis-of-hydrocarbon-polluted-soil-okezie-onyemaechi-7-2