ABSTRACT
This study examines the effect of tax evasion and avoidance on economic development ofNigeria.Descriptive andsurveyresearchdesignwasemployedfor the study. Theprimary sources of data were adopted for the study through questionnaires andoralinterviews.Thepopulation ofthestudywassixty-one (61) andarealsamplesizeofforty-five (45).Statisticaltoolssuchastables,percentages, and simple regression model were used in theanalyses of data and testing of hypotheses. Thestudyrevealedthattaxavoidanceandtaxevasionhasnosignificant effectsonincometaxadministration inNigeria,at5%levelofsignificant; Other findings include, thereisnosignificant effectoftaxavoidance andtaxevasionon income tax administration in Nigeria Tax avoidance and tax evasion has a significant effectontheexpected taxrevenue inNigeria andthatTheeffectoftax avoidance and tax evasion is significant on tax rates in Nigeria. The study recommends among otherthingsthat; Government shouldreduce taxrates,since hightaxrateleadstotaxavoidance andevasion, further, moreskilledpersonnel shouldbeappointed tohandle thetaxadministration ofNigeria, asthisalsowill minimizetaxavoidanceandtaxevasion.
TABLE OFCONTENTS
Titlepage
Declaration 11
Certification 111
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Listoftables IX
Abstract x
CHAPTERONE:INTRODUCTION
1.1 BackgroundtotheStudy l
1.2StatementoftheProblem 2
1.3Objectives oftheStudy 3
1.4ResearchQuestions 3
1.5Statementofhypothesis 3
1.6Scopeofthestudy 4
1.7 Significance oftheStudy 4
1.8Limitationofthestudy 5
1.8.1Money 5
1.8.2 sourceofinformation 5
1.8.3Inadequate recordkeeping 5
1.8.4Time 5
1.9Definitionofterms 5
CHAPTERTWO:REVIEWOFRELATED LITERATURE
2.1ConceptualFramework 8
2.1.1MeaningofTaxation 8
2.1.2DefinitionofTaxation 9
2.l.3Principles ofTaxation 9
2.1.3.1Equity 9
2.1.3.2Certainty 10
2.l.3.3Convenience 10
2.1.3.4Economy 10
2.1.4CannonsofTaxation 10
2.1.4.1Simplicity 10
2.1.4.2 Elasticity 10
2.1.4.3Productivity 1 I
2.1.4.4Impartiality 11
2.1.4.5Neutrality 11
2.l.5Impact,Incidence andTaxable Capacity 11
2.1.5.1TheImpactofTax 1 I
2.1.5.2TheIncidence ofTax11
2.1.6TypesofTaxSystem 12
2.1.6.1Progressive TaxSystem 12
2.1.6.2Regressive TaxSystem12
2.1.6.3ProportionalTaxSystem 12
2.1.7 Kinds ofTaxes
2.1.7.l DirectTax 12
2.1.7.I.I Advantages ofDirect Taxation 12
2.l.7.1.2 DisadvantagesofDirectTaxation 13
2.l.7.2 Indirect Tax 13
2,1.7.2.l Advantages ofIndirect Taxation 13
2.1.7.2.2 Disadvantages oflndirect Taxation 13
2.1.8HistoricaloriginofTax inNigeria 14
2.1.9 Ta xAdministrationinNigeria 14
2.1.9.1 AttheFederalLevel 14
2.1.9.2 AttheStateLevel 15
2.1.9.3 AttheLocalGovernmentLevel 15
2.1.lO TaxLegislationinNigeria 15
2.1.10.1 CapitalTransfer act1979 16
2.1.10.2 StampDuties Ordinance 1958 16
2.1.10.3 IndustrialDevelopment (incometaxrelief) decree 19 16
2.1.10.4 TheIncomeTax(ArmedForcesandOtherPersons)(Special Provision)
Decree 1972 16
2.1.10.5 Finance MiscellaneousTaxationDecree 1985 16
2.1.11 ReasonsforImpositionofTax 17
2.1.12 FunctionofTaxation 18
2.l.12.I ResourceRe-allocation 18
2.1.12.2 Revenue 19
2.1.12.3 IncomeRedistribution 19
2.1.13 EffectsofTaxation 19
2.1.13.1 IncentivetoInvest 19
2.1.13.2 InflationandTaxation 20
2.1.13.3 Incentives Works 20
2.1.13.4 ItReducesProduction20
2.l.13.5ItWillAlter Demand Supply20
2.1.13.6CausesScarcityofGoods 20
2.1.14TaxAvoidance andEvasion20
2.1.14.1TaxAvoidance 21
2.1.14.2TaxEvasion21
2.1.15 CausesofTaxEvasionandTaxAvoidance inNigeria 22
2.1.15.1 TheAbsenceofa"QuidProQuo" 22
2.1.15.2Inequitable DistributionofAmenities22
2.1.15.3Misuse orMismanagement ofCollections made 22
2.1.15.4Remoteness ofTaxpayers fromtheGovernment 22
2.1.15.5NoPunishment forEvaders 23
2.1.16 EffectsofTaxandAvoidance onTheEconomy/Government Revenue inNigeria23
2.1.17MethodofTaxAvoidance andEvasion24
2.1.18MeasurestoCurbTaxEvasion24
2.1.19DifferencesbetweenTaxEvasionandTaxAvoidance 25
2.2TheoreticalFramework26
2.2.1TheCostofService Theory 26
2.2.2 TheoryofTaxation 26
2.2.3 Ability-to-Pay Theory 26
2.2.4 Proportionate Theory 27
2.2.5 TaxEconomyTheory 27
2.2.6 BenefitTheory 29
2.2.6.1 Connection betweentheBenefits Conferred 29
2.2.6.2 Expenditure Incurred 29
2.3 EmpiricalReview 29
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1ResearchDesign 33
3.2 PopulationofStudy33
3.3 Samplingprocedure andSample Size Determination 34
3.4 MethodofDataCollection 35
3.5Validityandreliabilitytest 36
3.5.1Reliability test 36
3.5.2Validitytest36
3..6 Methodofdataanalysis36
3.6.1ModelSpecification37
3.7 Decisionrule 38
CHAPTERFOUR: DATAPRESENTATION, ANALYSIS ANDDISCUSSION
4.1 DataPresentation39
4.2 Dataanalysis40
4.2.1Analysis ofbiodata42
4.2.2Analysis ofresearchquestions 46
4.3 Testofhypothesis 52
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OFFINDINGS,CONCLUSIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONS
5.1SummaryofFindings56
5.2Conclusion57
5.3Recommendations58
REFERENCES
USUWACHIAMAKA, G (2021). Effect Of Tax Evasion And Avoidance On Economic Development. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Oct 30, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/effect-of-tax-evasion-and-avoidance-on-economic-development-7-2
GIFT, USUWACHIAMAKA. "Effect Of Tax Evasion And Avoidance On Economic Development" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 15 Feb. 2021, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/effect-of-tax-evasion-and-avoidance-on-economic-development-7-2. Accessed 30 Oct. 2024.
GIFT, USUWACHIAMAKA. "Effect Of Tax Evasion And Avoidance On Economic Development". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 15 Feb. 2021. Web. 30 Oct. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/effect-of-tax-evasion-and-avoidance-on-economic-development-7-2 >.
GIFT, USUWACHIAMAKA. "Effect Of Tax Evasion And Avoidance On Economic Development" Mouau.afribary.org (2021). Accessed 30 Oct. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/effect-of-tax-evasion-and-avoidance-on-economic-development-7-2