Abstract
The study focused on the effect of environmental accounting on the performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The specific objectives of this study include; to examine the effect of environmental costs on performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria; to assess the extent to which gas utilization, quantity of gas flared and quantity of oil spilled affect the output of oil and gas produced in Nigeria; and to critically appraise best practice of environmental cost accounting among oil and gas companies currently operating in Nigeria. The researcheremployedex-postfacto researchdesign, secondarydata was employed, and stratified sampling techniqueswere used. Thepopulation for this study comprises the 10 oil and gas exploration companies in Nigeria whose activities vehemently impacted on the environment. Sample size of 10 oil and gas exploration companies in Nigeria was determined using Taro Yamane formula. The study adopted the empirical methodological framework. After collection of the datafrom the secondary sources, the data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analytical technique. Hypotheses were tested at 5% level of significance. Hypothesis one was tested using F-test, while hypotheses two, three, and four were tested using T-test. The findings revealed that there exists a significant relationship between gas utilization and output of oil and gas produced in Nigeria. The estimated coefficient of quantity of gas flared is negative. This shows that there exists a negative relationship between quantity of gas flared and output of oil and gas produced. Finally, the coefficient of the quantity of oil spilled is negative, meaning that there exists a negative relationship between quantity of oil spilled and output of oil and gas produced Therefore, the researcher concluded that oil spillage and gas flaring costs does not significantly affect the earnings per share of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Fines and penalties tremendously affect earnings per share of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Generally, there are no standards guiding environmental costs in the oil and gas industries in Nigeria.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITTLEPAGE I
DECLARATION ll
CERTIFICATION Ill
DEDICATION IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 2
1.3 Objectives of the study 4
1.4 Research questions 5
1.5 Research hypotheses 5
1.6 Significance of the study 6
1.7 Scope of the study 6
1.8 Organization of the study 7
1.9 Definition of terms 7
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9
2.1 Theoretical framework
2.1.1 Environmental quality cost theory 9
2 .1.2 The triple bottom line theory 10
2.1.3 The social contract theory 11
2.3 Significance of environmental management accounting 11
2.4 Market valuation of environmental capital expenditure 12
2.4.1 Environmental cost primer model 13
2.4.2 The cost benefit model 13
2.5 Regulations, standards and codes on environment in Nigeria 14
2.5.1 Policy assessment 15
2.5 .2 Mandatory disclosure for corporate organizations in Nigeria 15
2.5 .3 Environmental standards in Nigeria 16
2.6 Oil and gas production in Nigeria 17
2.7 Frequency of oil spillage and gas flaring in Nigeria 17
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 19
3.1 Research design 19
3.2 Population of the study 19
3.3 Sample size and sampling procedure 20
3.4 Method of data collection and data sources 20
3.4.1 Data sources 21
3.4.2 Methods of data collection 21
3.5 Validity of the research instrument 21
3.6 Reliability test of the instrument 21
3.8 Model specification 22
3.9 Techniques of data analysis 24
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Data presentation 25
4.2 Data analysis 36
4.3 Test of hypotheses 39
4.4 Discussion of findings 41
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 43
5 .1 Summary of findings 43
5 .2 Conclusion 44
5.3 Recommendations 44
REFERENCES 46
APPENDIXES 52
UKAUMUNNA, N (2021). Effect Of Environmental Accounting On The Performance Of Oil And Gas Companies In Nigeria (A Study Of Selected Oil And Gas Companies). Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Oct 31, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/effect-of-environmental-accounting-on-the-performance-of-oil-and-gas-companies-in-nigeria-a-study-of-selected-oil-and-gas-companies-7-2
NKEIRUKA, UKAUMUNNA. "Effect Of Environmental Accounting On The Performance Of Oil And Gas Companies In Nigeria (A Study Of Selected Oil And Gas Companies)" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 29 Apr. 2021, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/effect-of-environmental-accounting-on-the-performance-of-oil-and-gas-companies-in-nigeria-a-study-of-selected-oil-and-gas-companies-7-2. Accessed 31 Oct. 2024.
NKEIRUKA, UKAUMUNNA. "Effect Of Environmental Accounting On The Performance Of Oil And Gas Companies In Nigeria (A Study Of Selected Oil And Gas Companies)". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 29 Apr. 2021. Web. 31 Oct. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/effect-of-environmental-accounting-on-the-performance-of-oil-and-gas-companies-in-nigeria-a-study-of-selected-oil-and-gas-companies-7-2 >.
NKEIRUKA, UKAUMUNNA. "Effect Of Environmental Accounting On The Performance Of Oil And Gas Companies In Nigeria (A Study Of Selected Oil And Gas Companies)" Mouau.afribary.org (2021). Accessed 31 Oct. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/effect-of-environmental-accounting-on-the-performance-of-oil-and-gas-companies-in-nigeria-a-study-of-selected-oil-and-gas-companies-7-2