ABSTRACT

 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia which results from malfunction in insulin secretion or insulin action, both causing impaired metabolism of glucose, lipid and protein. Chrysophyllum albidum is a tropical edible fruit locally called "udara” (igbo), "agbalumo” (Yoruba). It belongs to the family of Sapotaceae and found in many ecological zones of West Africa. The study was aimed to compare the anti-diabetic effect of tliree solvent (petroleum ether, ethanol and chloroform) extracts of Chrsophyllum albidum leaves on the weight, glucose level, hematology, biochemical parameters, lipid profile, antioxidant properties and histopathological examination in the model of alloxan induced diabetic mice. Thirty Swiss albino mice of both sexes (20g-35g) were used fbr this study. The animal were grouped into six(6) consisting offive (5) animals each : A,B,C,D,E, and F. Diabetes was induced in group B.C,D,E and F using a single intraperitional injection of 90mg/kg of alloxan after overnight fast. Group B served as diabetic control, group C, D, E was administered orally with 500mg/kg/BW of petroleum ether, ethanol and chloroform extract of Chrysophyllum albidum leaves for 14days. After the treatment with the leaves extracts, there was significant reduction (p>0.05) in the glucose level oftreated groups while there was significant increase (p<0.05) in the body weight of petroleum ether extract and untreated alloxan induced group compared to the normal control. In hematological parameters, there was significant increase in RBC (red blood count) level of group A (Normal control) 7.85+ 0.03 when compared to group F treated with 0.5mg/kg/BW of glibemclamide, there was also significant increase (p< 0.05) in WBC ( white blood count) level of petroleum ether (12.80±0.35) and ethanol group (14.60+0.13) compared to other solvents. There was significant diflerence (p>0.05) in AST (aspartate amino transferase )values of group C,D,E (44.00+6.52,47.35±5.40 and 47.35+8.46) mice compared to group F and B mice (48.30±0.58).There was significant increase (p<0.05) in ALT ( alanine amino transferase ) values of group B (40.60 ± 0.64) compared to group C,D and E (39.15±2.40,30.10±0.06 and 33.25±4.36).Urea and creatinine levels of groups E (23.00±1.02) were decreased significantly when compared with group B,C,D mice. (54.00 ± 1.15, 49.00 4.04, 51.50+4.33 and 48 .00 ±3.46). The antioxidant parameters showed that there was no significant differences in SOD levels of all the groups. While HDL (high density lipoprotein) and LDL (low density level) levels of all the treatment groups do not have any significant difference. The histopathology studies of liver and kidney of mice treated with the leaves extracts showed that the extract was nontoxic