ABSTRACT
Bacillus species isolated from five rhizospheric soil of turmeric plant root were evaluated for the potential antagonistic activity against fungi. Six isolates namely; Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus thuringinesis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus were aseptically isolated and characterized respectively. These bacterial isolates were screened with the aim of producing those with antifungal tendencies and one of the bacterial isolates possessing great antifungal activity was identified and characterized according to Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology as Bacillus megateruim. Bacillus megaterium has been recognized as an endophyte and is a potential biocontrol agent against plant and animal diseases. Bacillus megaterium showed an occurrence of 80% in five difference turmeric rhizospheric soil which proved that the organism occurs in the rhizosphere. Statistical analysis showed that Bacillus megaterium showed inhibition activity against Fusarium 9.67mm, Candida 15.33mm, Rhizopus 14.33mm, Penicillium 9.33mm and Aspergillus 11.33. The anti-fungal activity of Bacillus megaterium were all much lower than the activity of the commercial drug (mancozade) but the organism inhibited all the test fungi species. This research shows that B. megaterium is quite important and effective as biocontrol agent against the fungi Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Rhizopus. This inhibition action is probably due to the synergistic effects of the factors such as the production of anti-fungal metabolites.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of contents v
List of figures ix
List of tables x
Abstract xi
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Main Objective 3
1.3 Specific Objectives 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 4
2.1 Metabolites 4
2.2 Types of metabolites or bioactive molecules 5
2.2.1 Primary metabolites 5
2.2.2 Secondary metabolites 5
2.4 Antibiotics 6
2.4.1 Antibiotic produced by bacteria 7
2.4.2 Antibiotics produced by Bacillus species 8
2.5 Effects of antibiotics produced by Bacillus megaterium 9
2.6 Application of antibiotics produced by Bacillus megaterium 9
2.6.1 Application of antibiotics produced by Bacillus megaterium in medicine 10
2.6.2 Application of antibiotics produced by Bacillus megaterium in industries 10
2.6.3 Application of antibiotics produced by Bacillus megaterium in agriculture 10
2.7 Rhizosphere Environment 11
2.8 Natural Occurrence of Endospore Forming, Bacillus species 12
2.9 Antagonistic activity of Bacillus megaterium on fungi pathogens 13
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods 15
3.1 Materials 15
3.2 Methods 15
3.2.1 Sample collection 15
3.2.2 Sterilization of materials 15
3.2.3 Sample preparation 15
3.2.4 Media preparation 16
3.3 Isolation of Bacillus species from the rhizospheric soil 16
3.3.1 Pour plate methods 16
3.3.2 Spread plate method 17
3.4 Isolation of Bacillus species 17
3.5 Characterization of Isolates 17
3.5.1 Colony Features/Macroscopic Features 17
3.5.2 Microscopic features 17
3.5.3 Endospore stain 18
3.5.4 Flagella stain 18
3.6 Biochemical Tests 18
3.6.1 Methyl red 19
3.6.1.1 MR positive 19
3.6.1.2 MR negative 19
3.6.2 Citrate Utilization Test 19
3.6.3 Coagulase test 20
3.6.4 Carbohydrate utilization 21
3.6.5 Catalase test 21
3.6.6 Urease test 22
3.6.7 Indole Test 22
3.6.8 Oxidase Test 22
3.7 Identification of Bacillus megaterium 22
3.8 Extraction of antifungal molecules 23
3.8.1 Test for antifungal activities 23
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results 25
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion, conclusion and recommendation 32
5.1 Discussion 32
5.2 Conclusion 33
5.3 Recommendation 33
References 34
ALOZIE, A (2020). Characterization Of Bacillus Megaterium With Antifugal Tendencies Isolated From The Rhizosphere Of Curcuma Domestica (Turmeric Plant). Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 15, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/characterization-of-bacillus-megaterium-with-antifugal-tendencies-isolated-from-the-rhizosphere-of-curcuma-domestica-turmeric-plant
ALOZIE, ALOZIE. "Characterization Of Bacillus Megaterium With Antifugal Tendencies Isolated From The Rhizosphere Of Curcuma Domestica (Turmeric Plant)" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 20 May. 2020, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/characterization-of-bacillus-megaterium-with-antifugal-tendencies-isolated-from-the-rhizosphere-of-curcuma-domestica-turmeric-plant. Accessed 15 Nov. 2024.
ALOZIE, ALOZIE. "Characterization Of Bacillus Megaterium With Antifugal Tendencies Isolated From The Rhizosphere Of Curcuma Domestica (Turmeric Plant)". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 20 May. 2020. Web. 15 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/characterization-of-bacillus-megaterium-with-antifugal-tendencies-isolated-from-the-rhizosphere-of-curcuma-domestica-turmeric-plant >.
ALOZIE, ALOZIE. "Characterization Of Bacillus Megaterium With Antifugal Tendencies Isolated From The Rhizosphere Of Curcuma Domestica (Turmeric Plant)" Mouau.afribary.org (2020). Accessed 15 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/characterization-of-bacillus-megaterium-with-antifugal-tendencies-isolated-from-the-rhizosphere-of-curcuma-domestica-turmeric-plant