ABSTRACT
The antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum against spoilage fungi of tomato fruits were demonstrated. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum were isolated from five different yoghurt samples and three different Ogi samples by plating on MRS Agar plates. Spoilage fungi of tomato fruits were isolated on PDA and were identified as Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus Stolonifer, Mucor spp. Using their colonial morphology and microscopic characteristics. The inhibitory potential of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum against isolated spoilage fungi of tomato was determined using the Agar well diffusion techniques. The results showed that after 24hours of incubation, Aspergillus niger was inhibited by Lactobacillus fermentum with zone of inhibition 12mm; Rhizopus stolonifer was inhibited by Lactobacillus Plantarum with zone of inhibition of 8mm; Mucor spp. was only inhibited by Lactobacillus plantarum with zone of inhibition 7mm. Furthermore, all the bacteria isolates showed an optimum growth temperature of 25 and 37⁰C and optimum growth pH of 5 and 6. The inhibitory potential exhibited by Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum showed that they are highly effective against eliminating spoilage fungi of tomato fruits. Thus, they have a biocontrol potential against fungi spoilage of tomatoes. Further studies should be conducted to determine the specific metabolites responsible for the antifungal activity and methods designed so that they can be used as bioaerosols or used in modified atmosphere packaging of tomato so as to prolong the shelf life of tomato fruits.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aims and objective 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Biocontrol 5
2.2 Lactic acid Bacteria: A biocontrol agent 7
2.3 Fungal Pathogens of tomato fruit spoilage 11
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 15
3.1 Materials 15
3.2 Methods 15
3.2.1 Sample collection 15
3.2.2 Media preparation 16
3.2.3 Isolation of Lactic acid Bacteria from Yoghurt and Ogi 16
3.2.4 Isolation of Fungi from spoilt tomato fruits. 16
3.2.5 Isolation of pure cultures of Lactic acid Bacteria and Fungi 16
3.2.6 Identification of fungi isolates. 17
3.2.7 Identification of Lactic Acid bacteria 17
3.3 Microscopy 17
3.4 Biochemical tests 19
3.5 Determination of the effects of pH on the growth of Lactic
acid bacteria isolates. 20
3.6 Determination of the effects of Temperature on the growth
of Lactic acid bacteria isolates. 21
3.7 Determination of the biocontrol efficacy of Lactobacillus
plantarumAnd Lactobacillus fermentum metabolites against
Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, and Mucor spp. from
spoilt tomato fruits. 21
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Results 22
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion 33
5.2 Conclusion 35
5.3 Recommendations 36
References 37
Appendices
LIST OF TABLES
Table Titles Pages
1: Isolated Number of fungal pathogens associated with tomato spoilage. 13
2:. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of Lactic acid bacteri
isolates in ogi and yoghurt sold in Umuahia,Abia state. 24
3:. Physiological characteristics of isolates from ogi and yoghurt basedon pH
4: Physiological characteristics of isolates from ogi and yoghurt
based on temperature. 26
5: Colonial Morphology and microscopic characteristics of fungal isolates 31
6: Antagonistic activity of Lacticobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus
fermentum against isolated spoilage fungi of tomatoes fruit. 32
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures Titles Pages
1: Effects of temperature on the biomass of the Lactobacillus spp. (Ya and Yb) 27
2: Effects of temperature on the biomass of the Lactobacillus spp. (Oa and Ob) 28
3: Effects of pH on the biomass of the Lactobacillus spp.(Ya and Yb) 29
4: Effects of pH on the biomass of the Lactobacillus spp.(Oa and Ob) 30
SAMUEL, M (2020). BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AGAINST SPOILAGE FUNGI OF TOMATO FRUITS. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 24, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/biocontrol-potential-of-lactic-acid-bacteria-against-spoilage-fungi-of-tomato-fruits
MOUAU/11/17689, SAMUEL. "BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AGAINST SPOILAGE FUNGI OF TOMATO FRUITS" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 23 Apr. 2020, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/biocontrol-potential-of-lactic-acid-bacteria-against-spoilage-fungi-of-tomato-fruits. Accessed 24 Nov. 2024.
MOUAU/11/17689, SAMUEL. "BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AGAINST SPOILAGE FUNGI OF TOMATO FRUITS". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 23 Apr. 2020. Web. 24 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/biocontrol-potential-of-lactic-acid-bacteria-against-spoilage-fungi-of-tomato-fruits >.
MOUAU/11/17689, SAMUEL. "BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AGAINST SPOILAGE FUNGI OF TOMATO FRUITS" Mouau.afribary.org (2020). Accessed 24 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/biocontrol-potential-of-lactic-acid-bacteria-against-spoilage-fungi-of-tomato-fruits