ABSTRACT
This study was done to isolate, identify and enumerate bacteria isolates from livestock feed (poultry feeds) in MOUAU poultry farm. Poultry feeds which included starter, grower, finisher and layer were examined using spread plate techniques. The culture media used were Nutrient Agar, MacConkey Agar and Salmonella – Shigella Agar (SSA). The results indicated the presence of bacteria in the poultry feed samples from MOUAU poultry farm. The bacterial count ranged from 1.68×106 to 2.61×106, 1.52×106 to 2.45×106, 1.63×106 to 2.16×106 in total heterotrophic plate count, total coliform count and total Salmonella Shigella count respectively. The genera of bacterial isolated and their percentage occurrence were Staphylococcus aureus (23.52%), Escherichia coli (23.52%), Shigella spp (11.76%), Serratia spp (17.68%), Klebsiella spp (5.88%), Bacillus spp (5.88%), Salmonella spp (11.76%).The poultry feeds analysed in the hereby study contained high counts of bacteria. Absolute quality control measures should be adhered to in the poultry feed producing industries to ensure that raw materials used in preparing feeds are free from microbial contamination. It is recommended that poultry feeds should be made from good quality grains and it should be prevented from environmental or other contamination.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Pages
Title page i
Certification ii
Acknowledgments iv
Table of contents v
List of tables viii
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.3 General Objective of the Study 6
1.4 Specific Aims of the Study 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 7
2.1 Overview of Livestock Feed 7
2.1.1 Feed Preparation and Quality 9
2.1.2 Feed Formulation for Poultry 10
2.2 The Livestock Feed Industry 12
2.3 Responsibilities and Legislation 13
2.4 Evidence That Poultry Feed Is Frequently Contaminated With Bacterial Pathogens
2.5 Evidence That Contaminated Poultry Feed Results in Infection or Colonization of Poultry Birds
2.6 Evidence That Consumption of Infected or Colonized Food Livestock
and Their Products Results In Human Illness
2.7 Outbreaks of Human Salmonella Infections Traced To Contaminated
Livestock (Poultry) Feed 16
2.8 Significance of Salmonella Contamination of Livestock Feed For
Human Foodborne Illness 18
2.9 Addressing Safe Livestock Feed In Nigeria 20
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods 22
3.1 Materials 22
3.1.1 Media Used 22
3.1.2 Reagent 22
3.1.3 Sterilization of Material 22
3.2 Collection of Sample 22
3.2.1 Preparation of Media Used 22
3.3 Isolation of Bacteria from Poultry Feed Samples 23
3.3.1 Assessment and Enumeration of Bacteria from Poultry Feed Samples 23
3.4 Identification of Bacterial Isolates. 23
3.4.1 Gram Staining 23
3.4.2 Motility Test 24
3.4.3 Biochemical Tests 24
3.4.4 Carbohydrate Fermentation 27
3.5 Determination of Percentage Occurrence of Bacterial Isolates 28
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results 29
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion, Recommendation and Conclusion 34
5.1 Discussion 34
5.2 Conclusion 35
5.3 Recommendation 35
References
OGBUJI, W (2021). Bacteria Associated With Poultry Feed In Mouau Poultry Farm. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 15, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/bacteria-associated-with-poultry-feed-in-mouau-poultry-farm-7-2
WINIFRED, OGBUJI. "Bacteria Associated With Poultry Feed In Mouau Poultry Farm" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 13 Jan. 2021, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/bacteria-associated-with-poultry-feed-in-mouau-poultry-farm-7-2. Accessed 15 Nov. 2024.
WINIFRED, OGBUJI. "Bacteria Associated With Poultry Feed In Mouau Poultry Farm". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 13 Jan. 2021. Web. 15 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/bacteria-associated-with-poultry-feed-in-mouau-poultry-farm-7-2 >.
WINIFRED, OGBUJI. "Bacteria Associated With Poultry Feed In Mouau Poultry Farm" Mouau.afribary.org (2021). Accessed 15 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/bacteria-associated-with-poultry-feed-in-mouau-poultry-farm-7-2