ABSTRACT

The aim of this research was to appraise dye and their degree of fastness on cotton fabric using Aspilia Africana and Baphia nitida, Different cotton fabric were dyed and they were carefully accessed for beauty, appearance, colour fastness and general acceptability, which was evaluated by twenty panelist (ANOVA) Analysis of variance was used to determine significant difference at (P<0.05) probability level in the various samples. The leaves of Aspilia Africana and Baphia nitida were collected, dried, grounded, and dye extracts obtained by solvent extraction and Baphia nitida using ethanol and water. The constituents from the leaves of Baphia nitida were extracted using ethanol and water as solvents. The color of the extract obtained from Aspilia Africana was light brown in colour while that of Baphia nitida was green in colour, Extracts were also collected from Aspilia Africana and Baphia nitida using water. (aqueous extracts) and ethanol (organic extracts) Sample C1 emerged the best in beauty and also showed a little level of fastness when tested on fabric, Sample C2 the best in appearance  and showed a high degree of  fastness to sunlight, Sample  C2 the best in appearance, SampleB2 appeared best in colour fastness and finally sample C1 was generally acceptable .Samples A1,A2,B1,B2, degree of fastness was low, compared to the control, Sample C1 showed a high degree of fastness to washing than other remaining samples while Sample C2 showed a high degree of fastness to sunlight. Based on the findings of this study, the researchers observed that other local mordants apart from salt and Alum can be used to retain fastness in natural plant dye like plantain trunk juice which is a good mordant than hydrous. The result of this study suggest the popular use of natural plants like Aspilia Africana and Baphia nitida as dye and herbal medicine.  

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE                                                                                      I

APPROVAL                                   II

CERTIFICATION III

DEDICATION IV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS V

TABLE OF CONTENTS VI-X

LIST OF FIGURES Xi

LIST OF TABLES Xii

ABSTRACT xii

CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.2 Statement of Problem 3

1.3 Objectives of the Study 4            

1.4   Research Question                                                            5

1.5 Significance of the Study 5       

1.6 Scope of the Study/Limitations 6

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Conceptual framework 7

2.1.1 Concept of Dye 7

2.1.2 Concept of Fastness 9

2.2 Brief History of Aspilia africana 10  

2.2.1 Species of Aspilia africana 11

2.2.2 Leaves and Flowers of Aspilia africana 11

2.2.3 Uses of Aspilia africana 13

2.2.4 Benefit of Aspilia africana 14

2.2.5 Elemental Composition of Aspilia africana     15

2.2.6 Common Names of Aspilia africana 15

2.3 Description of Baphia nitida 16

2.3.1 Agroforestry uses 17

2.3.2 Propagation 18

2.3.3 Human Uses 19

2.3.4 Scientific Classification 19 

2.4 Theoretical Framework 20

2.4.1 Theory of Dye 22

2.4.2 Fastness of Dye to Washing 22

2.4.3 Fastness of Dye to Light (Sunshine) 22

2.5 Cotton 23

2.5.1 Cotton finishes 24

2.6 Review of Related Empirical Studies 25

2.7 Summary of Reviewed Literature 27

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Area of Study 28

3.2 Research Design 28

3.3 Population for the Study 28

3.4   Sources of Material 29

3.5  Product for Analysis 29

3.6 Instrument for Data Analysis 30

3.6.1 Sample Formulation ( Tie- dye Procedures) 30

3.7 Order of Experiment 32

3.7.1 Extraction of Dyes from Aspilia africana

and Baphia nitida 32

3.7.2 Organic Extraction 33

3.8 Test on Fabrics 33

3.9 Statistics Analysis 34

3.9.1 Extraction and Use 35

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Findings 37

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary 41

5.2 Conclusion 41

5.3 Recommendation 42

Appendix 1 43

Appendix  2 44

Appendix  3 45

Appendix  4 46

Appendix  5 47

Appendix  6 48