ABSTRACT
Colibacillosis is considered important in the poultry industry because it generates economic losses due to the disturbance of growth, the decline in production, an increase number of culled chicken, and reduced quality of carcasses and eggs. It is caused by the Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC). To overcome this, antibiotics have been widely used to eliminate E. coli infection in poultry farms in recent years. Treatment with antibiotics has been considered as a vital regimen to control E. coli infection at the farm level for many years. However, high frequency of antibiotic resistance of E. coli isolates from chicken has become the center of attention due to public health importance. The aim of the present study is to determine antimicrobial susceptibility among a collection of avian pathogenic E. coli strains isolated from chicken. Multidrug resistant profiles against 10 different antibiotics of 24 E. coli isolates were determined by using disk diffusion method according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Antibiogram revealed that 81.6% of the E. coli isolates showed multidrug resistant profiles to different antibiotics. Most of the E.coli isolates were highly resistant to cefuroxime (91.7%), followed with amoxiciline (87.5%), imipenem and cefotaxime (79.1%), cefexime (58.3%), ceftriaxone and nalidixic acid (25%). Out of 24 isolates tested, 5.9% were resistant to six antibiotics. These findings also demonstrated that most of the isolates were susceptible to antibiotics commonly used for E.coli infections treatment in poultry with lowest resistant score against ofloxacin (12.5%) and gentamycin (12.5%). Moderate resistant profiles were observed towards nalidixic acid and ceftriaxone (25%). High percentage of multidrug resistance was found among the E. coli isolated from chicken as an indicator to more serious problems in animal health. Therefore, continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance profiles in chicken and other food animals is crucial to ensure food chain safety.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vii
Abstract viii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Aims and Objectives 7
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9
2.1. Antimicrobials and Antimicrobial resistance 9
2.2. Scope of antimicrobial resistance in Bacteria 10
2.3. Modes of action of Antimicrobial 11
2.4. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria 12
2.5. Predisposing factors for development of antimicrobial resistance 12
2.6.1 Phenotypic method 13
2.7. Diffusion Technique 13
2.8 Growth and Inactivation 14
2.9 Usage of chicken as the study animal 14
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1. Sample Collection 16 3.2. Isolation and identification 16
3.3. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing 16
3.4. Data management and statistical analysis 17
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 18
CHAPTERFIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 21
Conclusion 24 Recommendation 25
References 26
PAUL, C (2021). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Poultry Farms In Umudike. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 15, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antimicrobial-susceptibility-pattern-of-escherichia-coli-isolated-from-poultry-farms-in-umudike-7-2
CHISOM, PAUL. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Poultry Farms In Umudike" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 23 Feb. 2021, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antimicrobial-susceptibility-pattern-of-escherichia-coli-isolated-from-poultry-farms-in-umudike-7-2. Accessed 15 Nov. 2024.
CHISOM, PAUL. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Poultry Farms In Umudike". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 23 Feb. 2021. Web. 15 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antimicrobial-susceptibility-pattern-of-escherichia-coli-isolated-from-poultry-farms-in-umudike-7-2 >.
CHISOM, PAUL. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Poultry Farms In Umudike" Mouau.afribary.org (2021). Accessed 15 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antimicrobial-susceptibility-pattern-of-escherichia-coli-isolated-from-poultry-farms-in-umudike-7-2