ABSTRACT
The increasing prevalence of side effects of synthetic antibacterial agents and the rise of so many resistances of bacteria to multi drugs has spurred scientists on the research of using plants in the production of antibacterial drugs. Piper guineense leaf which has high medicinal value and is normally used in Nigeria as food condiments and also for the treatment of diseases eg dysentery, bronchitis was tested against pathogenic organisms Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to determine its antibacterial properties. Ethanol extract showed more activity than aqueous extract on all the isolates. Diameter of zone of inhibition for the ethanol extract using agar well diffusion method was between 6 and 18mm while that of aqueous extract was between 5 and 10mm while that of disk diffusion method was between 5 and 11mm and 4 and 8mm for ethanol and aqueous extract respectively. MIC of ethanol extract and aqueous extract was 100 mg ml-1 while that of the ethanolic extract against Klebsiella pneumoniae was 25 mg ml-1. The extracts were bacteriostatic to all the organisms except Klebsiella pneumonia whose MBC value was 100 mg/ml-1. The phytochemical analysis carried out with the leaves revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides. Their presence support use of the plant as antibacterial agent and thus can be used on pathogens.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables xiii
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study 1
1.2 Aims and objectives 3
1.3 Limitation of study 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Scientific classification 4
2.2 Cultivation and distribution 5
2.3 Properties 5
2.4 Phytochemicals 6
2.5 Uses 6
2.6 Toxicity 7
2.7 Pathogenesis of test organisms 7
2.7.1 Klebsiella pneumonia 7
2.7.2 Esherichia coli 9
2.7.3 Staphylococcus aureus 10
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 12
3.1 Collection of plant materials 12
3.2 Preparation of extracts 12
3.3 Sources of test organisms 13
3.4 Determination of antibacterial activity of extracts 13
3.5 Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of extracts 15
3.6 Determination of minimum bacterial concentration of extracts 16
3.7 Phytochemical analysis 16
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS 18
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 29
5.1 Discussion 29
5.2 Conclusion 31
5.3 Recommendation 31
REFERENCES 32
OBINNA, M (2020). ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF Piper guineense LEAF ON SOME SELECTED PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 13, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antibacterial-properties-of-piper-guineense-leaf-on-some-selected-pathogenic-organisms
MOUAU/11/19063, OBINNA. "ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF Piper guineense LEAF ON SOME SELECTED PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 29 Apr. 2020, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antibacterial-properties-of-piper-guineense-leaf-on-some-selected-pathogenic-organisms. Accessed 13 Nov. 2024.
MOUAU/11/19063, OBINNA. "ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF Piper guineense LEAF ON SOME SELECTED PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 29 Apr. 2020. Web. 13 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antibacterial-properties-of-piper-guineense-leaf-on-some-selected-pathogenic-organisms >.
MOUAU/11/19063, OBINNA. "ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF Piper guineense LEAF ON SOME SELECTED PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS" Mouau.afribary.org (2020). Accessed 13 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antibacterial-properties-of-piper-guineense-leaf-on-some-selected-pathogenic-organisms