ABSTRACT
This research work was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of Vernonia amygdalina and Aloe barbadensis miller on Staphylococcus aureus . Twenty (20) stock cultures of S.aureus were collected. These bacterial isolates were subjected to antibacterial susceptibility testing using extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Aloe barbadensis miller, extracted with various solvents (ethanol, and water). The diameter inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were measured. All the Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to the extracts of Aloebarbadensis miller while few isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to both water and ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina having the highest zone of 11mm for isolate 18 and lowest zone of inhibition of 10mm for isolate 16. The ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina has an MIC value of 100mg/ml while that of water extract has the highest MIC value of 100mg/ml for isolate 16 and lowest MIC value of 50mg/ml for isolate 18. This suggests that Aloe barbadensis miller has no antibacterial effect on S.aureus when water is used as solvent for extraction as it does not extract adequate amount of metabolites needed for antibacterial activity while Vernonia amygdalina has antibacterial effect against some strains of S.aureus. I recommend that further studies should be made to determine the active bioconstituent responsible for the antibacterial activity of Aloe barbadensis miller.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certification i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgement iii
Table of Content iv
List of Table vi
Abstract vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.0 Background of Study 1
1.1Aims and Objectives 4
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.0 Origin of Phytomedicine 5
2.1 Drug resistance in bacteria 6
2.1.1Need of new antimicrobials to combat resistance 7
2.2 Characteristics of phytomedicine 7
2.2.1 Why the demand for phytomedicine 7
2.2.2 Therapeutic benefit of phytomedicine over synthetic drugs 8
2.3 Plant product as medicinal agents 9
2.3.1 Metabolites 9
2.3.2 Present use of plant as antimicrobial 10
2.4 Phyto-chemical analysis of medicinal plant 10
2.5 Economic benefit 11
2.6 Aloe vera 11
2.6.1 Scientific classification of aloe vera 12
2.6.2 Description of aloe vera 12
2.6.3 Taxonomy and nomenclature 13
2.6.4 Anatomy of aloe vera 13
2.6.5 Distribution of aloe vera 14
2.6.6 Cultivation of aloe vera 14
2.6.7 Chemical constituents of aloe vera 15
2.6.8 Medicinal properties 16
2.6.9 Health benefits of aloe vera 16
2.7 Medicinal uses 16
2.7.1 Side effect of aloe vera 18
2.7.2 Cosmetic values of aloe vera 19
2.7.3 Mechanism of action of aloe vera 20
2.8 Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) 21
2.9 Scientific classification of bitter leaf 21
2.10 Origin and geographic distribution 21
2.11 Properties of Vernonia amyygdalina 22
2.12 Uses of Vernonia amygdalina 22
2.13 Phytochemical composition of Vernonia amygdaliina 22
2.14 Biological activities of Vernonia amygdalina 23
2.15 Biology and pathogenicity of the test organism 23
2.15.1 Staphylococcus aureus 23
CHAPTER THREE 25
3.0 Materials 25
3.1 Sample preparation 25
3.2 Extraction of samples 25
3.3 Preparation of media 26
3.4 Antibacterial activity 26
3.4.1 Preparation of stock solution of extract 26
3.4.2 Reactivation of stock culture of tests organism 26
3.4.3 Culturing and sensitivity testing 26
3.4.4 Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration 27
CHAPTER FOUR 28
4.0 Results 28
CHAPTER FIVE 33
5.0 Discussion 33 5.1 Conclusion and recommendation 34
References 35
NWOKOCHA, D (2021). Antibacterial Effect Of Vernonia Amygdalina And Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) On Staphylococcus Aureus. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 15, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antibacterial-effect-of-vernonia-amygdalina-and-aloe-barbadensis-miller-aloe-vera-on-staphylococcus-aureus-7-2
DEBORAH, NWOKOCHA. "Antibacterial Effect Of Vernonia Amygdalina And Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) On Staphylococcus Aureus" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 17 Feb. 2021, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antibacterial-effect-of-vernonia-amygdalina-and-aloe-barbadensis-miller-aloe-vera-on-staphylococcus-aureus-7-2. Accessed 15 Nov. 2024.
DEBORAH, NWOKOCHA. "Antibacterial Effect Of Vernonia Amygdalina And Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) On Staphylococcus Aureus". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 17 Feb. 2021. Web. 15 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antibacterial-effect-of-vernonia-amygdalina-and-aloe-barbadensis-miller-aloe-vera-on-staphylococcus-aureus-7-2 >.
DEBORAH, NWOKOCHA. "Antibacterial Effect Of Vernonia Amygdalina And Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) On Staphylococcus Aureus" Mouau.afribary.org (2021). Accessed 15 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/antibacterial-effect-of-vernonia-amygdalina-and-aloe-barbadensis-miller-aloe-vera-on-staphylococcus-aureus-7-2