ABSTRACT

In two separate studies, the effect of feeding dried Poultry Waste (DPW) to White Fulani (Bunai) cows on milk yield and composition was assessed. In the first experiment, four cows in mid lactation were in a 4 x 4 Latin Squae Design fed concentrate diets containing 0, 10, 20 and 30 percent DPW designated A, B, C, and D respectively. The major dietary ingredients were dried cassava peels and DPW which were contained in the following proportions: A (56.5, 0.0), B (53 5,10.0), C (43.5,20.0) and D(33.5, 30.0)%. The concentrate supplements were offered daily at 08.00am during milking after which the animals were allowed to graze. During the 35— day feeding trial, feed intake and milk yields were recorded daily while the animals were weighed weekly., In the second experiment, nutrient digestibility of the treatment diets were evaluated using four West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks. The animals were confined individually in metabolic cages and offered the treatment diets (A — D) in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Fexi consumed and refusals as well as faeces and urine voided were measured. The results showed that the inclusion of DPW in the diets of the lactating cows improved feed intake, but the effect was not significant (P > 0.05). Feed intake values (g/daylWkg 0.75) were 106.7 ± 0.04, 103.1 ± 1.61. 107.8 ± 0.01 and 112.4 1.98 for A, B, C and D respectively. Mean milk yield (kg/day) were 0.14, 0.17, 0.06 and 0.09 respectively for A, B, C. and D. Fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield (kg) differed (P < 0.05) among the treatments. The values were 0.15, 0.18, 0.05 and 0.09 for diets A, B, C and 0 respectively. Diets A and B gave similar (P> 0.05) and better FCM yields than C or D. Mean milk protein (N x 6.38) values were 3.58, 3.46, 3.48 and 3.54 percent

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page I

Certification

Dedication III

Acknowledgement iv

Table of contents v

List of tables vi

List of figures vii

Abstract Viii

1. INTRODUCTION 1 —5

1.1 General overview 1 - 4

1.2 Statement of Problem 4

1.3 Objectives of the study 5

1.4 Justification of the study 5

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 6 -25

2.1 Availability of Poultry waste 6

2.2 Collection, Processing and Preservation 7

2.3 Chemical Composition of Poultry Waste 12

2.4 Feeding Quality and Digestibility of Dried Poultry Waste 15

2.5 Health hazard of Poultry Waste 19

2.6 Availability of Cassava Peels 20

2.7 Chemical Composition of Cassava Peels 22

2.9 Constraint to the use of Cassava Peels 24

2.10 Chemical Composition of Palm Kernel Cake 25

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 26-33

3.1 Location of the Experiment 26

3.2 Animals and their Management 26

3.3 Experimental Diets 27

3.4 Experiment I: Feeding trial 28

3.5 Experiment II: Digestibility studies 30

3.6 Chemical Analysis 32

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 34-51

4.1 Chemical Composition of the Experimental Diets 34

4.2 Concentrate Intake, Milk Yield and Milk Composition 37

4.2.1 Concentrate Intake 37

4.2.2 Milk Yield 39

4.2.3 Total Solids (TS) 42

4.2.4 Crude Protein (CP) 42

4.2.5 Butterfat 42

4.2.6 Lactose 43

4.2.7 Solids-Not-Fat (SNF) 43

4.2.8 Ash 43

4.2.9 Fat-Corrected Milk (FCM) Yield 44

4.2.10 Solids-Corrected Milk (SCM) Yield 44

4.2.11 Milk Energy 44

4.3 Correlation and Regression Coefficient 45

4.4 Feed Cost Analysis 47

4.5 Proximate Composition of the Faecal Samples 47

4.6 Digestibility Coefficients 49

4.7 Nitrogen Balance and Utilization 51

5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 54

References .

Appendices 65