ABSTRACT
In this work, dry
and wet peels derived from watermelon waste as alternative substrate for Single
Cell Protein production from Saccharomyces
cerevisiae (from palm wine), Aspergillus
niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (from
baker’s yeast) were investigated. Submerged method was employed to culture them
in batches. A glucose solution (monosaccharide) was used as a control for the
experiment. Batch 1 represent 4-day culture of the three microorganisms grown
on dry, wet and control substrates respectively. Batch 1 gave rise to the
following biomass in grams; for palm wine yeast – 0.10, 0.08 and 0.07; for
baker’s yeast; 0.15, 0.35 and 0.32; for A.
niger – 0.24, 0.30 and 0.21. Batch II represent 6-day culture of the
microorganisms grown on dry, wet and control substrates respectively giving
rise to the following biomass yield in grams; for palm wine yeast; 0.14, 0.35
and 0.15; for baker’s yeast – 0.33, 0.45 and 0.41; for A. niger – 0.26, 0.43 and 0.28. Batch III represent 8-day culture
of the microorganisms grown on dry, wet and control substrates respectively
which gave rise to the following biomass yield; for palm wine yeast – 0.10,
0.15 and 0.08; for baker’s yeast – 0.32, 0.43 and 0.29; A. niger – 0.13, 0.32 and 0.25. Nutritional compositions of the raw
dry and wet watermelon waste prior to their use as substrates were determined.
Proximate composition of the fungal biomass was also determined. Present
investigation revealed that baker’s yeast grown on the wet watermelon substrate
cultured for 6-day produced the highest quantity of single cell protein,
suggesting that wet watermelon peel is more suitable for the production of SCP.
The findings from this study support the need for SCP production from cheap,
inexpensive agro-waste materials.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certification . . . . . . . . . . i
Declaration . . . . . . . . . . ii
Dedication . . . . . . . . . . iii
Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . iv
Table
of contents . . . . . . . . . v
List
of Tables and Figures . . . . . . . . vii
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Fungi . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Botany of Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (
and Nakai] . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Aims and Objectives . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Justification . . . . . . . . . 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review . . . . . . . . 6
2.1 Choice of Microorganism for SCP
Production . . . . 8
2.2 Potential Substrates for Single Cell
Protein Production . . . 11
2.3 Cultivation Methods in SCP Production . . . . . 12
2.4 Nutritional Value of SCP . . . . . . . 15
2.5 The Biotechnology of SCP Production . . . . . 16
2.5.1 The Biochemistry and Physiology of Biomass
Production . . 16
2.5.2 Process Design and Control . . . . . . 18
2.6 The Economics of SCP Production and
Marketing . . . 20
2.7 Drawbacks of Single Cell Protein
Technology . . . . 20
2.8 Future
Prospects . . . . . . . . 22
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods . . . . . . . 23
3.1 Collection of the Plant Material . . . . . . 23
3.2 Preparation of the Plant Sample . . . . . . 23
3.2.1 Dry Sample . . . . . . . . . 23
3.2.2 Wet Sample . . . . . . . . . 23
3.
3 Preparation of Watermelon Extracts . . . . . 23
3.4 Microorganisms Used . . . . . . . 25
3.5 Analysis of the Raw Substrate . . . . . . 25
3.6 Production and Harvesting of Single Cell
Protein (SCP) . . . 25
3.7 Analysis of Fungal Biomass and Procedures
for
Proximate
Composition . . . . . . . 26
3.7.1 Moisture Content . . . . . . . . 26
3.7.2 Determination of Ash Content . . . . . . 26
3.7.3 Determination of Crude Fat Content (Dry
Extraction) . . . 27
3.7.4 Determination of Crude Fat Content (Wet
Extraction) . . . 28
3.7.5 Determination of Crude Protein . . . . . . 28
3.8 Procedure for Total Sugar using Anthrone
Reagent . . . 29
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results . . . . . . . . . 31
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0 Discussion and Conclusion . . . . . . . 40
5.1 Discussion . . . . . . . . . 40
5.2 Conclusion
. . . . . . . . . 42
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . 43
AGU, G (2021). Production of Single Cell Protein from Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum and Nakai] waste using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mouau.afribary.org: Retrieved Nov 23, 2024, from https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/production-of-single-cell-protein-from-watermelon-%5Bcitrullus-lanatus-thumb-matsum-and-nakai%5D-waste-using-aspergillus-niger-and-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-7-2
GIFT, AGU. "Production of Single Cell Protein from Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum and Nakai] waste using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae" Mouau.afribary.org. Mouau.afribary.org, 08 Jan. 2021, https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/production-of-single-cell-protein-from-watermelon-%5Bcitrullus-lanatus-thumb-matsum-and-nakai%5D-waste-using-aspergillus-niger-and-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-7-2. Accessed 23 Nov. 2024.
GIFT, AGU. "Production of Single Cell Protein from Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum and Nakai] waste using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Mouau.afribary.org, Mouau.afribary.org, 08 Jan. 2021. Web. 23 Nov. 2024. < https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/production-of-single-cell-protein-from-watermelon-%5Bcitrullus-lanatus-thumb-matsum-and-nakai%5D-waste-using-aspergillus-niger-and-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-7-2 >.
GIFT, AGU. "Production of Single Cell Protein from Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum and Nakai] waste using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae" Mouau.afribary.org (2021). Accessed 23 Nov. 2024. https://repository.mouau.edu.ng/work/view/production-of-single-cell-protein-from-watermelon-%5Bcitrullus-lanatus-thumb-matsum-and-nakai%5D-waste-using-aspergillus-niger-and-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-7-2