ABSTRACT

The prevalence of Shigella species in stool samples of diarrhea patient and their antibiogram, their studies. A total of (30) samples comprising 10 samples from each of three hospitals were analyzed for isolation, identification and susceptibility to different antibiotics. Results obtained showed that 3 species of Shigella were isolated; namely Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneriae. In the first hospital (hospital 1, the percentage occurrence of the isolate were 50%, 60% and 60% respectively, while the second hospital give occurrence of 60%, 40% and 50%, and in the third hospital (hospital 3) it was 40%, 50% and 30% respectively. Test on the antibiotic resistance pattern shows that the sensitivity and resistance of the different Shigella species to the different test drugs, vary with significant difference (P<0.05). Shigella flexneriae was resistant to tetracycline and ampycline but susceptible to chloramphenicol (21mm) ciprofloxacin (24mm), gentamicine (21.3mm) and clotrinoxazol (12.7mm). Shigella dysenteriae was resistance to tetracycline but susceptible to ampicillin (9.5mm), chlorophenical (15.0mm), gentamicin (12.50) and ciprofloxacin (18.5mm) while Shigella flexineriae was resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline but sensitive to chloramphenicol (17.3mm). Clotrimazole (17.0mm), gentamicin (23.7mm) and ciprofloxacin (23.6mm). Variations prevalence and antibiotic pattern of different Shigella species isolated from the diarrhea stools, was of significant difference (P<0.05)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Declaration ii

Certification iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgement v

Table of contents vi

List of tables viii

Abstract ix

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       Introduction 1

1.1 Causes of diarrhea 5

1.2 Epidemiology of diarrhea 6

1.3 Aims and objectives 6

1.4 Objectives 7

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review 8

2.1 Causes of shigellosis 12

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and methods 14

3.1 Source of materials 14

3.2 Sample/media preparation 14

3.3 Media preparation 14

3.4 Sterilization 15

3.5 Enumeration and identification of bacteria 15

3.6 Identification of bacterial isolates 15

3.7 Gram staining 16

3.8 Biochemical cultural characteristics 16

3.8.1 Catalase test 16

3.8.2 Coagulase test 16

3.8.3 Citrate test 17

3.8.4 Motility, indole, urease test (MIU) 17

3.8.5 Triple sugar iron test 18

3.8.6 Oxidase test 18

3.9 Antibiotic sensitivity testing 18

3.10 Isolation of Shigella 19

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Results 20

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion, recommendation and conclusion 23

5.1 Discussion 23

5.2 Recommendation 24

5.3 Conclusion 24

References 25