ABSTRACT

The importance of Staphylococcus aureus, a persistent nosocomial and community acquired pathogen has become a global health concern. It has a remarkable capability of evolving different mechanisms of resistance to most antimicrobial agents. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in clinical samples and their susceptibility pattern to antibiotics. Standardized microbiological and biochemical methods where used to screen 60 wound swabs for Staphylococcus aureus. 27(45%) isolates was obtained from the samples. Antibiotic susceptibility result revealed high percentage sensitivity to Rifampicin (88.9%), levofloxacin (85.2%), ciprofloxacin (77.8%), erythromycin (77.8%), streptomycin (77.8%), gentamicin (74%), ceftriaxone (70.4%). Norfloxacin showed moderate sensitivity of 59.3%. Resistance was recorded for ampiclox (55.5%), amoxicillin (51.8%), cefuroxime (51.8%) and chloramphenicol (51.8%). The result showed that the macrolides, aminoglycosides, and quinolones are effective for management of Staphylococcal infections. It is recommended that antibiotic sensitivity testing is carried out on all isolates from wounds before chemotherapy to avoid selection of drug resistance strains.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Dedication ii

Acknowledgements iii

Table of contents iv

List of tables v

Abstract vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

1.1 Aims 3

1.2 Objectives 3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 The Test Organism Staphylococcus aureus 4

2.2 Identification of  Staphylococci in The Clinical Laboratory 5

2.3 Epidemiology of Staphylococcu saureus Infections 6

2.3.1 Clinical Manifestations of S. aureus 7

2.4 Pathogenesis of  S. aureus Infections 8

2.5 Role of Adherence  Infections  Associated With Medical Devices 9

2.6 Resistance Of Staphylococci To Antimicrobial Drugs 11

2.7 Wound Sepsis 12

2.8 Epidemiology Of Wound Infections 13

2.9 Classification Of Wound 15

2.10 Microbiological Impact 17

2.11 Future Prospects 18

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Study Area 19

3.2 Population study 19

3.3 Sample Collection 19

3.4 Media Preparation And Innoculation Of Wound Samples 19

3.4.1 Innoculation Of Samples And Isolation Of Staphylococcus Aureus 20

3.5 Identification Of Isolates. 20

3.6 Gram Stain Technique 20

3.7 Biochemical Tests 20

3.7.1 Catalase test 20

3.7.2 Coagulase test 21

3.8 Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing 21

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULTS 22

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION  

5.1 Discussion 27

5.2  Conclusion 28

5.3        Recommendation 29

References 30